ANTH 336 New World Prehistory
Dr. Darlene Applegate
Fall 2006
Andean South America Culture
Area
Chronological Units and Culture
History
CONTACT PERIOD
Post AD 1534
Spanish conquest led by Francisco Pizzaro
LATE HORIZON
AD 1476 to 1534
development of first pan-Andean empire
development of Inca empire across culture area
LATE INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
AD 1000 to 1476
development of Chimu state on northern coast
MIDDLE HORIZON
AD 600 to 1000
development of first empires
development of Huari (or Wari) empire in
central highlands
development of Tiwanaku empire in southern
highlands
EARLY INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
200 BC to AD 600
development of first complex, state-level societies
probable development of first cities
development of Moche state on northern coast
development of Nasca culture on southern coast
EARLY HORIZON
900 to 200 BC
development and spread of Chavin culture
from the central coast
INITIAL PERIOD
1800 to 900 BC
development of ceramic technology
widespread adoption of agriculture and herding
construction of most early ceremonical centers: El Paraiso, Sechin
Alto, Huaca Florida
PRE-CERAMIC PERIOD
9500 to 1800 BC
initial settlement of culture area by small, mobile, hunting-gathering
bands
domestication of numerous plants and animals between 8500 and 2500 BC
establishment of the earliest sedentary settlements on the coast circa
6000 BC and in the highlands circa 2600-1800 BC
development of textile industry circa 4500 BC
development of mummification circa 5000 BC
development of irrigation technology circa 3000 BC
construction of the earliest ceremonial centers and stepped pyramids
beginning circa 2600 BC: Caral
Time Line of Archaeological Cultures of Andean South America. http://www.culturalexpeditions.com/timelinepage.html
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