Lalande [Delalande], Michel-Richard de (1657-1726) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late French Baroque
Best Known For:  sacred motets ('grand motets')---orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  M-A Charpentier; Corelli?; F Couperin?; Lully; French & Italian music
Has Influenced:  -M-A Charpentier?; -F Couperin
Most Similar Composers:  Clérambault .60; F Couperin .52; Marais .50; Leclair .48; Rameau .48; MA Charpentier .46; Lully .44; Muffat .41; Boismortier .39; Telemann .30; Fux .27; L Couperin .27; JS Bach .23; A Scarlatti .23; Scheidt .23    (13)

Lalo, Edouard (1823-92) French; Paris-based from 1839
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic
Genre Profile:  222---1300---1122---100---22---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  works for featured string instr. w/orch.---chamber music---Le Roi d'Ys (opera)
Notable Works:  . . . Symphonie Espagnole in D minor [vln & orch.] Op.21 (1873) . . . Cello Conc. in D minor (1877) . . . Le Roi d'Ys [opera] (1888)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Gounod; Liszt?; Mendelssohn; +Sarasate; Schubert; R Schumann; Wagner; Spanish music; folk music
Has Influenced:  Debussy; Dukas; Indy?; Roussel?
Most Similar Composers:  Chabrier .51; Goldmark .47; Saint-Saëns .47; Svendsen .46; Bizet .46; Guilmant .44; Indy .43; G Charpentier .43; Gade .43; Massenet .39; Gounod .38; Parry .38; Duparc .37; Fibich .35; Reinecke .35    (19)

Lambert, (Leonard) Constant (1905-51) British; London-based
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical (American Vernacularist)
Best Known For:  ballets---orchestral pcs
Notable Work:  . . . The Rio Grande [solo v, pf, chorus & orch.] (1927)
Musical Influences:  -Chabrier?; [D Ellington]; -Liszt; Satie; Stravinsky; [B Van Dieren]; Walton; Warlock; RAGTIME; JAZZ; French music; Medieval music
Has Influenced:  Arnold
Most Similar Composers:  Auric .44; Gould .36; Satie .31; Carpenter .30; Thomson .27; Blacher .27; Milhaud .26; Krenek .26; Ravel .25; Fine .25; Tavener .24; Bliss .24; Koechlin .23; Tailleferre .23; Ibert .22    (6)

Langlais, Jean (1907-91) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Mystical (French organ school)
Best Known For:  solo organ---masses
Notable Works:  . . . Hymne d'Actions de Grâce (Te Deum) [org] Op.5 no.3 (1933-4) . . . Messe Solennelle [4 vv, chorus & 2 org or brass & org] (1951) 
Musical Influences:  Dukas; Dupré; +Messiaen; Tournemire; Vierne?; folk music; Gregorian chant
Most Similar Composers:  Alain .54; Duruflé .49; Dupré .40; Widor .30; Vierne .30; Messiaen .29; Tournemire .24; Howells .24; Tavener .24; Jolivet .21; Hildegard .20; Rutter .18; Guilmant .18; Rautavaara .18; Jongen .18    (7)

Lara, Agustín (1897-1970) Mexican; mainly Veracruz- & Mexico City-based
Style/Period:  Mexican Nationalist
Best Known For:  songs (habaneras, boleros, tangos, waltzes, etc.)
Notable Work:  . . . Granada [song] (1932) 
Musical Influences:  Latin American popular music forms, espec. tangos, blues & waltzes; Spanish music; jazz; Cuban music
Most Similar Composers:  Guarnieri .33; Ponce .32; Barrios .29; Lauro .29; Revueltas .28; Piazzolla .22; Amram .21; Butterworth .21; Villa-Lobos .21; Canteloube .20; Sibelius .19; Carpenter .19; Gershwin .19; Ives .19; Mompou .18    (8)

Larsen, Libby (1950-) American; Minneapolis-based
Style/Period:  from the New Grove Dictionary: "Her style is noted for its energy, optimism, rhythmic diversity, colourful orchestration, liberated tonality without harsh dissonance, and pervading lyricism."
Best Known For:  vocal & choral works---orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  Argento; --Debussy; American popular music styles; JAZZ
Most Similar Composers:  Fine .37; Carpenter .33; Grofé .33; Zwilich .29; Harbison .29; Martin .29; Harris .27; Duruflé .27; Boulanger .27; Bliss .27; Schuman .27; Loeffler .26; Bennett .26; Dallapiccola .25; Schafer .24    (8)

Larsson, Lars-Erik (1908-86) Swedish
Style/Period:  highly varied (w/eclectic Neoclassical & Neoromantic elements)
Best Known For:  syms.---concs. & concertinos---orchestral pcs
Notable Work:  . . . 12 Concertinos [solo instr. & orch.] Op.45 (1953-7) 
Musical Influences:  Berg; Hindemith; ---Mozart; Nielsen; Schoenberg; Shostakovich; Sibelius; Stenhammar; Swedish folk music
Most Similar Composers:  Holmboe .55; Sallinen .52; Kokkonen .51; Tubin .41; Rochberg .40; Sessions .38; Rautavaara .35; Nørgård .34; Toch .34; Piston .31; Leighton .31; Perle .30; Zwilich .30; Walton .28; Diamond .28    (12)

La Rue, Pierre de (c1452-1518) Flemish
Style/Period:  Middle Franco-Flemish Renaissance
Best Known For:  motets---masses---secular songs (chansons)
Notable Work:  . . . Missa pro defunctis [4 vv] (d?) 
Musical Influences:  Binchois?; Dufay?; Isaac?; Josquin; Ockeghem; Franco-Flemish school; plainchant
Most Similar Composers:  Obrecht .68; Josquin .66; Gombert .64; Dufay .63; Ockeghem .60; Isaac .57; Binchois .57; Janequin .57; Clemens .53; Senfl .50; Machaut .49; Morales .45; Dunstable .45; Taverner .39; Willaert .37    (20)

77. Lasso, Orlando di [Orlandus Lassus, etc.] (1532? - 1594) Franco-Flemish; Munich-based from 1556
Style/Period:  Late Renaissance (w/eclectic Franco-Flemish, French & Italian elements)
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music (motets, masses, magnificats)---secular vocal music (madrigals, chansons, lieder)
Notable Works:  . . . Tristis est anima mea [motet/part song for 5 vv] (p1565) . . . Seven Penitential Psalms of David [motets for 5 vv] (p1584) . . . madrigals [3-10 vv] . . . masses [4-8 vv] . . . songs [chansons & lieder for 3-8 vv, many with instrumental acc.] 
Musical Influences:  Clemens; +A Gabrieli; Gombert; +Marenzio; [P de Monte]?; Palestrina; Rore; Willaert; Italian madrigals; Franco-Flemish polyphony; English music
Has Influenced:  Byrd; ++M-A Charpentier; Dowland; [J ECCARD]; [A Ferrabosco I]; A GABRIELI; G GABRIELI; Hassler; [L LECHNER]; Marenzio?; Philips; Praetorius; Schein; +++Schuman; -Susato?; +++Taneyev
Most Similar Composers:  Clemens .55; Willaert .49; Gombert .47; Palestrina .45; Gesualdo .41; Josquin .41; Monteverdi .39; Guerrero .39; Rore .39; Hassler .36; Isaac .34; Susato .33; Morales .33; Binchois .33; Marenzio .33    (24)

Lauro, Antonio (1917-86) Venezuelan; mainly Caracas-based
Style/Period:  Venezuelan Nationalist
Best Known For:  solo guitar
Notable Works:  . . . Natalia/Criolia in E minor/E [guitar] (1963) . . . El Marabino [guitar] (1968) 
Musical Influences:  BARRIOS; waltzes; VENEZUELAN FOLK MUSIC
Most Similar Composers:  Barrios .54; Ponce .44; Brouwer .39; Revueltas .38; Guarnieri .34; Chávez .33; Villa-Lobos .30; Ginastera .29; Lara .29; Tárrega .23; Moreno Torróba .22; Piazzolla .20; Albéniz .20; Turina .20; Rodrigo .18    (8)

Lawes, William (1602-45) British; London-based
Style/Period:  Early English Baroque
Best Known For:  consort/chamber music---secular songs---anthems
Musical Influences:  [J Coprario]; Dowland?; [A Ferrabosco II]; Gibbons; [H Lawes?]; Marenzio; Monteverdi; Renaissance music
Has Influenced:  +Blow?; Locke; +Purcell
Most Similar Composers:  Morley .41; Tomkins .39; Weelkes .37; Locke .37; Purcell .36; Blow .33; Gibbons .32; Philips .27; Dowland .21; Schein .21; Sheppard .20; Campion .19; Boyce .17; Tallis .16; Arne .15    (11)

Leclair, Jean-Marie (1697-1764) French; mainly Paris-based from 1723
Style/Period:  Late French Baroque (w/eclectic French & Italian elements)
Best Known For:  violin (chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . 4 sets of sonatas for violin (or flute) & continuo Opp. 1/2/5/9 (p c1723-43) 
Musical Influences:  Albinoni; CORELLI; F Couperin; Geminiani?; Handel?; LOCATELLI; -Lully; Rameau; Tartini; Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  French school of violin playing
Most Similar Composers:  Boismortier .50; Lalande .48; Quantz .45; Tartini .45; Marais .43; F Couperin .36; Telemann .35; Rameau .34; Locatelli .32; JS Bach .31; Geminiani .31; Muffat .30; Boyce .28; Clérambault .28; Handel .28    (18)

Legrenzi, Giovanni (1626-90) Italian; from c1670 Venice-based
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Baroque
Best Known For:  instrumental sonatas---sacred vocal/choral music---operas
Musical Influences:  [M Cazzati]; [T Merula]
Has Influenced:  JS Bach; Caldara; Handel; Lotti; A Scarlatti; Stradella; Torelli; Vivaldi
Most Similar Composers:  Lotti .63; Cavalli .53; Monteverdi .51; Marcello .50; Albinoni .41; Caccini .40; Allegri .40; Carissimi .40; Stradella .40; Hasse .38; Vivaldi .38; Bononcini .37; A Scarlatti .36; D Scarlatti .35; Pergolesi .31    (23)

104. Lehár, Franz (1870-1948) Hungarian-Austrian; mainly Vienna-based from 1899
Style/Period:  Viennese Light Classical
Genre Profile:  022---1100---000?---200---03---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operettas & other stage works---waltzes
Notable Works:  . . . Gold und Silber [waltz for orch.] Op.79 (1902) . . . The Merry Widow [operetta] (1905) 
Musical Influences:  Debussy; Offenbach; PUCCINI; J Strauss Jr.; R Strauss; Wagner; Hungarian music
Has Influenced:  Hahn?; -Puccini?
Most Similar Composers:  J Strauss I .53; Suppé .50; J Strauss II .48; Herbert .45; Korngold .30; Ruggles .29; Jos Strauss .29; Schreker .29; Delius .24; Mascagni .24; Wolf-Ferrari .24; Sullivan .24; Gretchaninov .23; Offenbach .23; Moreno Torróba .22    (10)

Leighton, Kenneth (1929-88) British; Edinburgh-based from 1970
Style/Period:  Neoclassical (Serial)
Best Known For:  concs.---syms.---sacred vocal/choral music
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Bartók; Berg; Dallapiccola; -Debussy; Finzi; Hindemith; Howells; Sibelius?; ---Palestrina; Petrassi; Vaughan Williams; Walton; English church music; plainsong
Most Similar Composers:  Rubbra .46; Hanson .42; Kokkonen .39; Harris .38; Sessions .36; Rutter .33; Rautavaara .32; Larsson .31; Perle .31; Davies .30; Rochberg .30; Walker .30; Creston .30; Holmboe .30; Moeran .30    (14)

Leoncavallo, Ruggero (1857-1919) Italian
Style/Period:  Late Italian Romantic (verismo)
Genre Profile:  001---0000---0001---100---13---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---songs---as librettist for other composers' works
Notable Works:  . . . I Pagliacci [opera verismo] (1892) . . . La Bohème [opera] (1897) . . . Mattinata (L'Aurora di Bianco Vestita) [song for solo v & pf] (1904) 
Musical Influences:  Bizet; Gounod; +Mascagni; Massenet; Meyerbeer; Verdi; Wagner
Has Influenced:  Wolf-Ferrari?
Most Similar Composers:  Puccini .69; Giordano .68; Mascagni .61; Boito .58; Ponchielli .52; Massenet .50; G Charpentier .48; Cilea .45; Wolf-Ferrari .37; Delibes .37; Chabrier .35; Dargomïzhsky .34; Duparc .32; Cui .31; Pfitzner .30    (14)

95. Ligeti, György Sándor (1923-2006) Hungarian-Austrian
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde (texture music; Minimalist after c1975)
Genre Profile:  002---1212---2222---222---02---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---chamber music---solo keyboard---magnetic tape-based pcs
Notable Works:  . . . 6 Bagatelles for Wind Quintet (1953) . . . String Quartet #1 'Métamorphoses Nocturnes' (1953-4) . . . Atmosphères [orch.] (1961) . . . Volumina [org] (1961-2, r1966) . . . Lontano [orch.] (1967) . . . String Quartet #2 (1968) . . . Chamber Conc. [13 players] (1969-70) . . . Etudes [3 books of pf pcs] (1983-95) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; BARTÓK; Berg; +Boulez; Cage?; -Debussy; Kodály; --Liszt?; ---Monteverdi?; Nancarrow; ---Ockeghem; Partch; +Reich; +Riley; --R Schumann; +Stockhausen; Stravinsky; Varèse?; Webern; jazz; world folk music; East Asian music; electronic music; Medieval & Renaissance music
Has Influenced:  Schnittke?
Most Similar Composers:  Kurtág .36; Boulez .36; Berio .35; Birtwistle .33; Andriessen .32; Stockhausen .32; Xenakis .32; Krenek .31; Reich .31; Górecki .31; Nancarrow .30; Davies .30; Carter .29; Crumb .29; Maderna .29    (19)

12. Liszt, Franz (1811-86) Hungarian-French-German; had strong connections with Paris, Rome, Weimar, Budapest & Bayreuth
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic (Paris virtuoso school to c1850; New German school thereafter)
Genre Profile:  203---3000---2112---330---01---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  piano (solo, w/orch., transcriptions of other composers' works)---symphonic poems & other orchestral pcs---solo organ---songs---sacred choral music
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1839-83) . . . Années de Pèlerinage (3 sets) [pf] S160, S161 & S163 (1837-54, 1867-77) . . . 6 Transcendental Etudes after Paganini [pf] S140 (1838) . . . Piano Conc. #2 in A S125 (1839, r1849-61) . . . 19 Hungarian Rhapsodies [pf] S244 (1846-85; orch. arrs. S359 (d?)) . . . Concert Study 'La Leggierezza' [pf] S144 no.2 (c1848) . . . Symphonic Poem #1 'Les Préludes' S97 (1848, r1854 or before) . . . Consolation 'Lento placido' [pf] S172 no.3 (1849-50) . . . Symphonic Poem #2 'Tasso: Lament & Triumph' S96 (1849, r1850-1 & 1854) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in E flat S124 (1849, r1853 & 1856) . . . Totentanz [folksong settings for pf & orch.] S126 (1849, r1853 & 1859) . . . Fantasia & Fugue [org] S259 (1850) . . . 3 Liebesträume [pf] S541 (c1850) . . . Piano Sonata in B minor S178 (1852-3) . . . Faust Symphony S108 (1854-7) . . . Prelude & Fugue on B-A-C-H [org] S260 (1855, r1870) . . . Christus [sacred oratorio for 5 solo vv, chorus & orch.] S3 (1862-7) . . . First Mephisto Waltz [pf] S110 (1863) . . . Second Mephisto Waltz [orch.] S111 (1881) . . . Valse Oubliée #1 [pf] S215 no.1 (c1881) 
Musical Influences:  ---Allegri; --JS Bach; Beethoven; Bellini; Berlioz; Chopin; Czerny; Field; --Handel?; Hummel; Meyerbeer; -Mozart?; PAGANINI; ---Palestrina; +Raff?; Reicha; Rossini?; Salieri; Schubert; R Schumann; +Wagner; Weber; gypsy music
Has Influenced:  ALBÉNIZ; Alkan; +Alwyn; Arensky; Balakirev; +Barber?; Beach; Bartók; Bax; Bloch?; Borodin; Bruckner; BUSONI; Chabrier?; Chaminade; Chausson?; Cui; Debussy; Dohnányi; Duparc; Dvorák; Enescu?; Fauré; Fibich; FRANCK; Gade; Glazunov; Glière; Goldmark; Gottschalk; Granados; Grieg; Guilmant; Herbert; Indy; Kodály; Lalo?; +Lambert; ++Ligeti?; Lyadov; MacDowell; Mahler; Medtner; +Messiaen?; Moszkowski; Mussorgsky; Paderewski; [JK Paine]; Parry; Pierné?; Ponce; +Prokofiev; Rachmaninov; Raff; Ravel; Reger; Rheinberger?; Rimsky-Korsakov; Rubinstein; SAINT-SAËNS; Schoenberg; +Schulhoff?; Scriabin; ++Shchedrin?; Sibelius; SINDING; SMETANA; Stenhammar; J Strauss Jr.?; Jos Strauss?; R Strauss; Sullivan; Svendsen; Tchaikovsky; Wagner; Widor; Wolf
Most Similar Composers:  Franck .48; Chopin .42; Mendelssohn .42; Alkan .42; Mahler .41; Brahms .40; Gounod .38; R Schumann .37; Raff .36; Wolf .35; Berlioz .35; Rheinberger .34; Balakirev .34; Bruckner .34; Reger .34    (19)

Locatelli, Pietro Antonio (1695-1764) Italian; Amsterdam-based from 1729
Style/Period:  Late Italian Baroque
Best Known For:  violin (chamber combs.)---concs. & concerti grossi
Musical Influences:  Corelli; Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  +[R Kreutzer]; LECLAIR; +Paganini
Most Similar Composers:  Torelli .63; Geminiani .59; Albinoni .49; Stradella .47; Corelli .44; Tartini .42; Vivaldi .34; Sammartini .33; Bononcini .33; Leclair .32; Marcello .29; Muffat .28; Pergolesi .28; Boismortier .26; Caldara .26    (15)

Locke, Matthew (c1621-77) British
Style/Period:  Middle English Baroque
Best Known For:  consort/chamber music---stage works---anthems
Notable Work:  . . . Musick for His Majesty's Cornetts & Sackbutts [brass ensemble] (1661) 
Musical Influences:  [J Chambonnières]; Frescobaldi; Froberger; Lawes; +Lully
Has Influenced:  Blow; PURCELL
Most Similar Composers:  Purcell .44; Blow .43; Lawes .37; L Couperin .25; Böhm .20; Buxtehude .20; Muffat .19; Marais .18; Gibbons .16; Morley .16; Tomkins .16; Stradella .16; Dittersdorf .16; Handel .15; Pachelbel .14    (5)

Loeffler, Charles Martin (1861-1935) German-American; Boston area-based from 1882
Style/Period:  Impressionist
Best Known For:  chamber music---orchestral pcs---string instrs. (chamber combs., w/orch.)
Musical Influences:  +Debussy; +Scriabin; jazz; Gregorian chant
Most Similar Composers:  Karg-Elert .45; Mompou .40; Walker .38; Malipiero .38; Bridge .38; Pierné .37; Schulhoff .36; Fine .35; Jongen .34; Tournemire .34; Roussel .32; Carpenter .31; Kraft .31; Schmitt .31; Casella .30    (14)

Loewe, (Johann) C[K]arl (1796-1869) German; Stettin (Szczecin)-based 1820-65
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic (Biedermeier)
Best Known For:  lieder, espec. narrative ballads
Notable Works:  . . . Erlkönig [ballad for solo v & pf] Op.1 no.3 (1818) . . . Odins Meeresritt [ballad for solo v & pf] Op.118 (1851) 
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; Beethoven; --Handel; [JF Reichardt]; [CF Zelter]; Protestant religious music; German music
Has Influenced:  Wagner; Wolf
Most Similar Composers:  Franz .64; Mendelssohn-Hensel .56; Spohr .35; C Schumann .35; Clementi .35; Reinecke .35; Nicolai .35; Mendelssohn .31; Mahler .31; Guilmant .31; Reicha .31; Taneyev .30; Wolf .30; Liszt .29; Alkan .29    (9)

Lortzing, (Gustav) Albert (1801-51) German; worked in Detmold, Leipzig, Vienna, Berlin, etc.
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Best Known For:  operas
Notable Work:  . . . Zar und Zimmerman [opera] (1837) 
Musical Influences:  Donizetti; Grétry?; +Mendelssohn; Meyerbeer; -MOZART; Spohr; Weber; folk music
Has Influenced:  +Humperdinck?; J Strauss Jr.; Sullivan; Wagner
Most Similar Composers:  Boieldieu .47; Nicolai .45; Berwald .39; Goldmark .37; Wagner .36; Humperdinck .34; JPE Hartmann .33; Bizet .32; Bellini .32; Spontini .31; Auber .29; Mayr .29; Cherubini .29; Smetana .28; Méhul .28    (10)

Lotti, Antonio (1667-1740) Italian; Venice-based after c1683
Style/Period:  Late Italian Baroque / Pre-Classical
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music---cantatas---operas & oratorios
Notable Work:  . . . Crucifixus a 8 [sacred motet for 8 vv] (d?)
Musical Influences:  Legrenzi; -Monteverdi?
Has Influenced:  JS Bach; Galuppi; Handel; Heinichen; Marcello?; Zelenka
Most Similar Composers:  Carissimi .64; Legrenzi .63; A Scarlatti .61; Marcello .52; Bononcini .47; Caldara .47; Cavalli .44; Stradella .41; Galuppi .37; D Scarlatti .36; G Gabrieli .34; Lully .33; Hasse .32; Monteverdi .32; Schein .31    (26)

Luening, Otto (1900-96) American-German (born in Wisconsin, to Germany at age 12, back to the U.S. in 1924
Style/Period:  eclectic & at various times Avant-garde, Neoclassical, etc.
Best Known For:  chamber music (espec. w/flute)---magnetic tape-based music---orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  BUSONI; --Chopin?; [P Jarnach]; Schoenberg; R Strauss?
Has Influenced:  Corigliano; Davidovsky; Wuorinen
Most Similar Composers:  Wuorinen .39; Skalkottas .38; Malipiero .36; Casella .35; Perle .35; Varèse .31; Riegger .31; Piston .29; Schmitt .29; Foss .28; Stockhausen .28; Walker .27; Feldman .27; Schulhoff .27; Berkeley .25    (6)

Lully, Jean-Baptiste (1632-87) Italian-French; Florence-based to 1646, Paris-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Middle French Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas (tragédies)---ballets---incidental music---sacred motets
Notable Works:  . . . Cadmus et Hermione [opera] (1673) . . . Alceste [opera] (1674) 
Musical Influences:  Carissimi; Cavalli; +Corelli?; Monteverdi; [L Rossi]?; Italian opera; French ballet
Has Influenced:  JS Bach; Blow?; Böhm; Buxtehude?; -Cavalli?; M-A Charpentier; Corelli; F Couperin; ++Gluck; Handel; Lalande; +Leclair; -Locke; MARAIS; MUFFAT; Purcell; RAMEAU; Telemann
Most Similar Composers:  Rameau .51; A Scarlatti .44; Lalande .44; MA Charpentier .37; Lotti .33; Clérambault .31; F Couperin .30; Bononcini .29; Purcell .26; Legrenzi .26; Pergolesi .24; Piccinni .23; Boismortier .23; Marais .23; Carissimi .21    (13)

Lutoslawski, Witold (1913-94) Polish; mainly Warsaw-based
Style/Period:  Neoclassical (Neoromantic) to c1955; European Avant-garde (texture music) thereafter
Genre Profile:  222---2202---2212---201---00---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  concs.---orchestral pcs---chamber music---aleatory music
Notable Works:  . . . Variations on a Theme of Paganini [2 pf (also in pf & orch. arr.)] (1941) . . . Conc. for Orch. (1954) . . . 5 Dance Preludes [orch.] (1955) . . . 3 Poèmes d'Henri Michaux [chorus & orch.] (1963) . . . String Quartet (1964) . . . Conc. for Cello & Orch. (1970) . . . Chain 2 [vln & orch.] (1985) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; BARTÓK; --Beethoven?; Cage; --Chopin; Debussy; ---J Haydn?; Prokofiev; Ravel; Roussel; Stravinsky; Szymanowski; Varèse; Polish folk music
Has Influenced:  -[E Bergman]; Brouwer; Ginastera?; Penderecki?
Most Similar Composers:  Walton .37; Górecki .34; Xenakis .34; Dutilleux .34; Harbison .34; Barber .33; Kraft .33; Bloch .33; Szymanowski .31; Chávez .31; Revueltas .31; Foss .31; Tubin .30; Bartók .30; Holmboe .30    (18)

Lyadov [Liadov], Anatoly [Anatol] (1855-1914) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg-based
Style/Period:  Russian Nationalist (Romantic)
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . Baba-Yaga [orch.] Op.56 (1891?-1904) . . . A Musical Snuffbox [pf] Op.32 (p1893) . . . The Enchanted Lake [orch.] Op.62 (1909) 
Musical Influences:  -Chopin; Glinka?; Liszt; Mussorgsky; Rimsky-Korsakov; R Schumann; +Scriabin; Wagner?; folk music
Has Influenced:  Prokofiev?; Scriabin
Most Similar Composers:  Borodin .56; Balakirev .53; Glazunov .50; Mussorgsky .45; Cui .45; Granados .43; Rimsky-Korsakov .43; Raff .43; Scriabin .41; Gottschalk .39; Moszkowski .37; Paderewski .37; Albéniz .37; Gretchaninov .36; Medtner .35    (27)

MacDowell, Edward (1860-1908) American; Europe-based 1877-88, New York- & New England-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Late Romantic
Genre Profile:  002---2100---0001---200---00---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, w/orch.)---songs---symphonic poems
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Conc. #2 in D minor Op.23 (1884-6) . . . To a Wild Rose (from 'Ten Woodland Sketches') [pf] Op.51 no.1 (1896) . . . Piano Sonata #4 in E minor 'Keltic' Op.59 (1900) 
Musical Influences:  Gottschalk?; Grieg; Liszt; Raff; Rubinstein?; -R Schumann; Wagner; folk music
Has Influenced:  Beach; Hanson?
Most Similar Composers:  Beach .57; Sinding .52; Paderewski .49; Moszkowski .42; Granados .40; Raff .40; Rachmaninov .38; Scriabin .38; Balakirev .36; Fibich .36; Lyadov .35; Dohnányi .34; Busoni .32; Chabrier .32; Rubinstein .32    (13)

Machaut, Guillaume de (c1300-77) French
Style/Period:  Medieval (Ars nova)
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known Work:  . . . Messe de Nostre Dame [4 vv] (1364?) . . . secular songs (chansons) [mainly for 2-4 vv, incl. instrs.] . . . sacred motets [3-4 vv] 
Musical Influences:  [P DE VITRY]; plainchant
Has Influenced:  +++Kurtág?; +++Pärt; +++Stravinsky
Most Similar Composers:  Pérotin .71; Obrecht .61; Dunstable .61; Binchois .61; Dufay .61; Gombert .57; Ockeghem .54; Isaac .51; Josquin .51; Hildegard .50; La Rue .49; Morales .46; Clemens .43; Taverner .40; Willaert .38    (20)

Maderna, Bruno (1920-73) Italian-German; born near Venice, became a naturalized citizen of Germany in 1963
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde
Best Known For:  magnetic tape-based pcs---stage works---instrumental ensemble pcs
Notable Work:  . . . Satyricon [opera] (1973) 
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Dallapiccola; Malipiero; Ravel; Stravinsky; Webern; Renaissance music
Has Influenced:  Berio; Boulez; Nono
Most Similar Composers:  Nono .48; Berio .45; Petrassi .41; Dutilleux .36; Xenakis .36; Stockhausen .35; Krenek .34; Monk .32; Tailleferre .31; Rochberg .31; Revueltas .31; Musgrave .31; Górecki .30; Blacher .30; Birtwistle .30    (13)

19. Mahler, Gustav (1860-1911) Austrian; successively based in Budapest (1888-91), Hamburg (1891-7), Vienna (1897-1907) & New York (1908-11)
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) German Romantic
Genre Profile:  302---0000---0200---000---00---030
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  syms.---songs & song cycles---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . Songs of a Wayfarer [song cycle for solo v & orch./pf] (1883-5, r1891?-6) . . . Sym. #1 in D 'Titan' (1884-8, r1893-6) . . . Sym. #2 in C minor-E flat 'Resurrection' [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1888-94, r1903) . . . The Youth's Magic Horn [song cycle for solo v & orch./pf] (1892-8) . . . Sym. #3 in D minor-D [solo v, choruses & orch.] (1893-6, r1906) . . . Sym. #4 in G major-E 'Ode to Heavenly Joy' [solo v & orch.] (1892, 1899-1900, r1901-10) . . . Ruckert Lieder [5 songs for solo v & orch./pf] (1899-1902) . . . Sym. #5 in C sharp minor-D 'Giant' (1901-2, r1902-10) . . . Songs on the Death of Children [song cycle for solo v & orch.] (1901-4) . . . Sym. #6 in A minor 'Tragic' (1903-4, r1906-10) . . . Sym. #7 in E minor-C (1904-5, r1905-10) . . . Sym. #8 in E flat 'Symphony of a Thousand' [8 solo vv, choruses & orch.] (1906) . . . Song of the Earth [symphonic song cycle for 2 solo vv & orch.] (1908-9) . . . Sym. #9 in D-D flat (1908-9) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; --Beethoven; Berlioz; Brahms; Bruckner; -Chopin; Liszt; --Schubert; -R Schumann; Tchaikovsky?; WAGNER; --Weber; folk music
Has Influenced:  +Arnold; BERG; +Berio; +Bernstein; Bloch?; +Britten; Busoni?; Casella; +Crumb; +Davies; Eisler; -Fibich?; KA Hartmann; +Kagel; Korngold; Krenek; ++Rihm; +Rochberg; +Schnittke; Schoenberg; Schreker?; +Sculthorpe; SHOSTAKOVICH; Suk; Szymanowski; ++Tan; Toch; Tournemire; Webern; Weill; [E Wellesz]; ZEMLINSKY
Most Similar Composers:  Wolf .63; Goldmark .46; R Strauss .46; Parry .44; Stenhammar .43; Gade .43; Raff .42; Liszt .41; Schoenberg .40; Stanford .39; Reger .39; Bruckner .38; Rheinberger .38; Pfitzner .37; Franz .36    (31)

Malipiero, Gian Francesco (1882-1973) Italian; Asolo-based from 1921
Style/Period:  Impressionist (Neoclassical)
Best Known For:  chamber music---operas---sinfonias
Musical Influences:  Busoni?; +Casella; Debussy; ---Monteverdi; R Strauss?; Stravinsky; ---Vivaldi?; ---Gregorian chant
Has Influenced:  Casella?; Dallapiccola; Finney?; Maderna; Nono; Petrassi; Thompson
Most Similar Composers:  Casella .47; Jongen .41; Pizzetti .41; Loeffler .38; Orff .38; Walker .37; Dallapiccola .37; Luening .36; Skalkottas .31; Puccini .30; Respighi .29; Harbison .28; Szymanowski .28; Korngold .27; Tower .27    (10)

Marais, Marin (1656-1728) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Middle French Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  chamber music featuring viola da gamba, espec. 5 collections of 'pièces de viole' p1686-1725---operas (tragédies)
Notable Work:  . . . Variations on Les Folies d'Espagne [viola da gamba & continuo] (p1701) 
Musical Influences: +F Couperin; L Couperin; LULLY; [J Sainte-Colombe]; Italian music
Has Influenced:  F Couperin
Most Similar Composers:  Lalande .50; F Couperin .46; Clérambault .45; Leclair .43; Rameau .43; Boismortier .35; MA Charpentier .34; Purcell .30; Muffat .28; Telemann .27; Piccinni .26; Biber .24; L Couperin .24; JC Bach .24; Lully .23    (15)

Marcello, Benedetto Giacomo (1686-1739) Italian; mainly Venice-based
Style/Period:  Late Italian Baroque
Best Known For:  oratorios---secular cantatas---sacred vocal music---chamber music & instrumental sonatas
Musical Influences:  [F Gasparini]; Handel?; Lotti?; Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  Martini
Most Similar Composers:  Carissimi .54; Lotti .52; Legrenzi .50; Caldara .39; Galuppi .39; Bononcini .37; Stradella .35; Torelli .35; Hasse .33; A Scarlatti .31; D Scarlatti .30; Telemann .30; Locatelli .29; JS Bach .28; Albinoni .27    (22)

Marenzio, Luca (1553/54 - 1599) Italian; mainly Rome-based from c1574
Style/Period:  Late Italian Renaissance
Best Known For:  madrigals
Musical Influences:  A Gabrieli; [M'A Ingegneri]; Lasso?; Palestrina; Rore; [G de Wert]
Has Influenced:  DOWLAND; Gesualdo; Gibbons?; Hassler; -Lasso; +Lawes; -[L Luzzaschi]?; Monteverdi; Morley; Palestrina; Philips; Praetorius; Schein; Schütz; Sweelinck; -Victoria; Weelkes; [J Wilbye]
Most Similar Composers:  A Gabrieli .50; Gesualdo .42; G Gabrieli .41; Hassler .41; Palestrina .38; Willaert .35; Lasso .33; Frescobaldi .31; Allegri .30; Caccini .30; Monteverdi .28; Rore .26; Philips .26; Victoria .22; Schein .18    (11)

Martin, Frank (1890-1974) Swiss; Netherlands-based from 1946
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical (Serial)
Genre Profile:  122---2222---2122---212---22---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  works for featured instr(s). w/orch.---chamber music---vocal- & choral-orchestral music
Notable Works:  . . . Le Vin Herbé [secular oratorio for 12 solo vv, pf & 7 string instrs.] (1938-41) . . . Ballade [fl & pf (also in fl, pf & string orch. arr.)] (1939) . . . 6 Monologe aus Jedermann [v & pf] (1943) . . . Petite Symphonie Concertante [harp, pf, hpschd & string orch.] (1945) . . . Golgotha [oratorio] (1945-8) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS BACH; Bartók; Debussy; Fauré; Franck; [E Jaques-Dalcroze]; Ravel; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; Gregorian chant; jazz
Has Influenced:  Stockhausen
Most Similar Composers:  Walker .42; Dutilleux .41; Berkeley .39; Jongen .38; Koechlin .35; Zwilich .35; Ibert .35; Kraft .34; Poulenc .34; Martinu .33; Gerhard .33; Revueltas .33; Jolivet .32; Duruflé .32; Wolpe .32    (18)

Martini, Padre Giovanni Battista (1706-84) Italian; Bologna-based
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music---sinfonias & concs.---keyboard sonatas
Musical Influences:  Marcello; Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  JC Bach; Grétry?; Jommelli; Mozart
Most Similar Composers:  Pergolesi .38; WF Bach .36; CPE Bach .32; Hasse .31; Soler .30; Sammartini .30; D Scarlatti .28; Marcello .27; Böhm .27; K Stamitz .27; Lotti .25; Fasch .25; Tartini .25; Quantz .25; JC Bach .25    (18)

93. Martinu, Bohuslav (1890-1959) Bohemian; U.S.-based 1941-53
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical (Czech Nationalist)
Genre Profile:  222---2222---2222---220---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---concs. for solo & multiple instrs.---orchestral pcs---chamber music, espec. cello w/piano---operas---madrigal-form works
Notable Works:  . . . Double Conc. [pf, tympani & 2 string orchs.] (1938) . . . 3 sonatas for cello & piano (1939/1941/1952) . . . Memorial to Lidice [orch.] (1943) . . . Trio for Flute, Cello & Piano in F (1944) . . . Sonata for Flute & Piano (1945) . . . Sym. #5 (1946) . . . Sym. #6 'Fantaisies Symphoniques' (1951-3) . . . Variations on a Slovak Folksong [vc & pf] (1959) . . . Nonet [double-bass, string trio & wind quintet] (1959) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; ---Corelli; DEBUSSY; Dukas?; Dvorák; --J Haydn; --Mozart; Ravel; Roussel; -Smetana; STRAVINSKY; Suk; ---Vivaldi?; jazz; English madrigalists; Czech/Moravian folk music
Most Similar Composers:  Dutilleux .37; Kraft .37; Martin .33; Berkeley .31; Poulenc .31; Piston .31; Falla .30; Tansman .30; Françaix .29; Lutoslawski .28; Villa-Lobos .28; Tailleferre .28; Roussel .28; Copland .27; Piazzolla .27    (7)

90. Mascagni, Pietro (1863-1945) Italian
Style/Period:  Late Italian Romantic (verismo)
Genre Profile:  111---0000---0011---101---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Serenata [canzona] (1883) . . . Cavalleria Rusticana [opera verismo] (1890), incl. 'Intermezzo' [orch.] 
Musical Influences:  Debussy; --Mozart?; Ponchielli; +R Strauss; Verdi; Wagner
Has Influenced:  Giordano; -Leoncavallo; Menotti; -Puccini; Rachmaninov?; Wolf-Ferrari
Most Similar Composers:  Puccini .63; Leoncavallo .61; Giordano .58; Boito .48; Cilea .45; Pfitzner .45; Wolf-Ferrari .45; Ponchielli .41; Pizzetti .33; Schreker .33; Massenet .30; Reger .30; Respighi .29; G Charpentier .29; Delius .28    (17)

57. Massenet, Jules (1842-1912) French; Paris-based from 1847
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic
Genre Profile:  022---1100---0001---210---23---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas---songs---orchestral suites
Notable Works:  . . . Élégie [song] (c1869) . . . Hérodiade [opera] (1881) . . . Manon [opera] (1884) . . . Le Cid [opera] (1885) . . . Werther [opera] (1892) . . . Thaïs [opera] (1894), incl. 'Méditation' [vln & orch.] 
Musical Influences:  Adam?; Auber?; Berlioz; Bizet; GOUNOD; Meyerbeer; R Schumann; Tchaikovsky; Thomas; Verdi; Wagner; Italian opera
Has Influenced:  G Charpentier; Chausson; Cilea; Debussy; Duparc?; Enescu; Giordano; Hahn; Ives?; Koechlin; Leoncavallo; Pierné; Puccini; Ravel; Schmitt; -Tchaikovsky
Most Similar Composers:  Delibes .56; Leoncavallo .50; G Charpentier .48; Chabrier .46; Thomas .45; Lalo .39; Halévy .37; Cui .36; Dargomïzhsky .35; Gounod .34; Ponchielli .34; Chaminade .33; Tchaikovsky .33; Smetana .32; Sullivan .32    (16)

Mayr, (Johannes) Simon (1763-1845) German; mainly Italy-based
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Best Known For:  operas
Musical Influences:  +Beethoven; Cimarosa; Gluck; J Haydn; Mozart; Paisiello; +Rossini?
Has Influenced:  Bellini; DONIZETTI; Rossini
Most Similar Composers:  Méhul .66; Carulli .55; Spontini .52; Salieri .50; Cherubini .44; Rossini .43; Sor .43; Reicha .40; Bellini .40; Weber .38; Boieldieu .37; Field .36; Clementi .36; Kuhlau .36; Giuliani .36    (26)

Medtner [Metner], Nicolas [Nikolay] (1880-1951) Russian; mainly Paris-, & then London-, based from c1925
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Russian Romantic
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., concs.)---songs
Notable Works:  . . . 3 piano concs. (1914-18, 1920-27, 1940-43) . . . 14 piano sonatas (1902-37)  
Musical Influences:  --Beethoven; Brahms; --Chopin; Liszt; Rachmaninov; -R Schumann; Scriabin; Taneyev
Has Influenced:  Miaskovsky?; -Rachmaninov?; Tcherepnin?
Most Similar Composers:  Beach .46; Sinding .46; Ireland .44; Moszkowski .42; Dohnányi .40; Rubinstein .39; Rachmaninov .38; Chaminade .38; Scriabin .38; Mompou .36; Glazunov .35; Cui .35; Lyadov .35; Reger .32; Busoni .32    (17)

Méhul, Étienne-Nicolas (1763-1817) French; Paris-based from c1778
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Best Known For:  comic operas---syms.
Musical Influences:  +Beethoven?; Cherubini; GLUCK; J Haydn; Mozart
Has Influenced:  Beethoven; Berlioz; Boieldieu?; -Cherubini; +Franck?; Reicha; [JPJ Rode]; -Viotti?; Wagner?; Weber
Most Similar Composers:  Mayr .66; Spontini .60; Cherubini .56; Viotti .54; Boieldieu .54; Reicha .54; Carulli .53; Auber .47; Clementi .43; Weber .42; Piccinni .40; Salieri .39; Kuhlau .34; Field .34; Krommer .33    (28)

17. Mendelssohn(-Bartholdy), Felix (1809-47) German; Leipzig-based from 1835
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic (Biedermeier; Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  333---3302---3222---220---01---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  important contributor to all main genres except ballet & opera
Notable Works:  . . . choral songs [unacc. chorus] (1820-47) . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1820-47) . . . Rondo Capriccioso in E [pf] Op.14 (1824) . . . Octet for Strings in E flat Op.20 (1825) . . . Over. to (the Shakespeare play) A Midsummer Night's Dream [orch.] Op.21 (1826) . . . String Quartet #2 in A minor Op.13 (1827) . . . Calm Sea & Prosperous Voyage [concert over.] Op.27 (1828) . . . Songs without Words (8 vols.) [pf] (1829-45) . . . Hebrides ('Fingal's Cave') Over. Op.26 [concert over.] (1830) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in G minor Op.25 (1831) . . . Sym. #5 in D 'Reformation' Op.107 (1832) . . . Sym. #4 in A 'Italian' Op.90 (1833) . . . 3 Preludes & Fugues [org] Op.37 (1837) . . . Piano Conc. #2 in D minor Op.40 (1837) . . . Piano Trio #1 in D minor Op.49 (1839) . . . Hark! the Herald Angels Sing [carol for male chorus] (1840) . . . Variations Sérieuses in D minor [pf] Op.54 (1841) . . . Incidental Music to (the Shakespeare play) A Midsummer Night's Dream [orch.] Op.61 (1842) . . . Sym. #3 in A minor 'Scottish' Op.56 (1842) . . . Violin Conc. in E minor Op.64 (1844) . . . 6 Sonatas [org] Op.65 (1844-5) . . . Piano Trio #2 in C minor Op.66 (1845) . . . Elijah [sacred oratorio for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.70 (1846) 
Musical Influences:  -CPE Bach; --JS BACH; Beethoven; Cherubini; Dussek; Field; -Gluck?; --Handel; -J Haydn; Hummel; Mendelssohn-Hensel; -Mozart; ---Palestrina; --D Scarlatti; Schubert; Spohr; WEBER; [CF Zelter]
Has Influenced:  +Alfvén?; Alkan; +Arensky; [WS BENNETT]; -Berwald; Bizet?; Borodin; Bottesini; Brahms; Bruch; Bruckner; +Chadwick; ++Coleridge-Taylor?; +Elgar; Fauré; +Fibich; +Foote; Franz; GADE; Goldmark; Gounod; Grieg; Guilmant; -JPE Hartmann; +Humperdinck; Lalo; -Lortzing; -Mendelssohn-Hensel; +Moszkowski; Nicolai; +Novák?; [JK Paine]; +Parry; RAFF; ++Reger; REINECKE; Rheinberger; RUBINSTEIN; Saint-Saëns; C Schumann; R Schumann; Smetana; +Stanford; +Stenhammar; +R Strauss; Sullivan; Svendsen; Wagner; [SS Wesley]; Widor
Most Similar Composers:  Beethoven .43; Schubert .43; Liszt .42; R Schumann .40; Brahms .39; Spohr .36; Berlioz .35; Berwald .34; Mendelssohn-Hensel .33; Rheinberger .33; Alkan .32; C Schumann .32; Loewe .31; Field .30; Clementi .30    (15)

Mendelssohn-Hensel, Fanny (1805-47) German; Berlin-based
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic
Genre Profile:  001---0000---0120---210---00---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  lieder---piano (solo, chamber combs.)
Notable Work:  . . . Piano Trio in G minor Op.11 (1846) 
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; Beethoven; Field; --Handel?; +Mendelssohn; -Mozart; [CF Zelter]
Has Influenced:  Gounod?; Mendelssohn
Most Similar Composers:  C Schumann .66; Loewe .56; Franz .43; Reinecke .39; R Schumann .38; Smetana .35; Berwald .34; Mendelssohn .33; Alkan .32; Brahms .31; Liszt .31; Clementi .31; Field .31; Nicolai .31; Reger .30    (12)

Menotti, Gian Carlo (1911-2007) Italian-American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Genre Profile:  121---2202---1120---110---23---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  popular idiom operas
Notable Works:  . . . The Medium [opera] (1945) . . . The Consul [opera] (1949) . . . Amahl & the Night Visitors [opera] (1951) 
Musical Influences:  Barber; Mascagni; --Mussorgsky; PUCCINI; R Strauss?; -Verdi; Wolf-Ferrari; opera verismo
Has Influenced:  -Barber; Corigliano?; Rochberg?; Rorem
Most Similar Composers:  Pizzetti .40; Wolf-Ferrari .35; Argento .35; Giordano .35; Cilea .33; Moore .31; Puccini .29; Dello Joio .28; Leoncavallo .27; Mascagni .27; Korngold .25; Corigliano .24; Boito .23; Lehár .19; Sallinen .19    (7)

Mercadante, (Giuseppe) Saverio (1795-1870) Italian; mainly Naples-based from c1806
Style/Period:  Early Italian Romantic (bel canto)
Best Known For:  wind concs.---operas
Notable Works:  . . . Flute Conc. #2 in E minor Op.57 (1814) . . . Clarinet Conc. in B flat Op.101 (1819?) 
Musical Influences:  +Bellini; +Donizetti; +Halévy; Meyerbeer; Paganini?; Rossini
Has Influenced:  Donizetti; [G Pacini]?; Verdi
Most Similar Composers:  Donizetti .48; Flotow .45; Bellini .42; Verdi .33; Thomas .31; Meyerbeer .31; Nicolai .31; Ponchielli .31; Boito .29; Bizet .27; Glinka .27; Halévy .27; Bottesini .27; Wagner .26; Auber .25    (10)

63. Messiaen, Olivier (1908-92) French; mainly Paris-based from c1920
Style/Period:  Mystical (Exoticist; Impressionist through 1930s)
Genre Profile:  002---2002---1202---231---02---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo organ---orchestral pcs---solo piano---chamber music---vocal- & choral-orchestral music---music simulating birdsong---music on religious subjects
Notable Works:  . . . Apparition de l'Église Éternelle [org] (1932) . . . L'Ascension [4 meditations for orch.] (1933; org arr. 1934) . . . Quartet for the End of Time [vln, cl, vc & pf] (1940) . . . Visions de l'Amen [2 pf] (1943) . . . 20 Regards sur l'Enfant Jésus [pf] (1944) . . . Turangalila Symphony [pf, ondes martenot & orch.] (1946-8) . . . 4 Études de Rythme [pf] (1949) . . . Livre d'Orgue [7 pcs for organ] (1951) . . . Oiseaux Exotiques [pf & small orch.] (1955-6) . . . Chronochromie [orch.] (1960) . . . Et Exspecto Resurrectionem Mortuorum [winds, brass & perc] (1964) 
Musical Influences:  Albéniz?; Bartók; --Berlioz; DEBUSSY; Dukas; Dupré; Jolivet?; -Liszt?; ---Mozart; --Mussorgsky?; ---Rameau; Ravel; ---D Scarlatti; Scriabin; Stravinsky; Tournemire; Varèse?; -Wagner; Serialism?; music of India; plainchant; Medieval & ancient music; birdsong; East & Southeast Asian music, incl. gamelan music; music & color (synesthesia)
Has Influenced:  Alain; Andriessen?; Bennett?; Birtwistle; Bolcom; BOULEZ; Brouwer; Crumb; Davies; Górecki; -Jolivet; Kurtág; -Langlais; Montsalvatge; Rautavaara; Schuller?; Sculthorpe?; Stockhausen; TAKEMITSU; Tavener; Tower; Xenakis
Most Similar Composers:  Alain .39; Jolivet .37; Varèse .34; Szymanowski .34; Falla .34; Roussel .33; Griffes .31; Duruflé .30; Ireland .30; Langlais .29; Schulhoff .28; Hovhaness .28; Jongen .27; Prokofiev .27; Boulez .27    (13)

99. Meyerbeer, Giacomo (1791-1864) German-French
Style/Period:  Early French Romantic (bel canto) w/eclectic French, German & Italian elements
Genre Profile:  121---1001---1000---110---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas, espec. French 'grand opera'
Notable Works:  . . . Robert le Diable [opera] (1831) . . . Les Huguenots [opera] (1836) . . . Le Prophète [opera] (1849) . . . L'Africaine [opera] (1865) 
Musical Influences:  Auber; +Bellini; Clementi?; -Gluck; Mozart; Reicha?; +ROSSINI; Spontini; [G Vogler]; Weber
Has Influenced:  Bellini?; Berlioz; Bizet; Boito; Chopin?; Cui; Dargomïzhsky; Donizetti; Delibes; Dvorák; Elgar?; Flotow; Franck; Goldmark; Gottschalk; Gounod; Halévy; Indy; Leoncavallo; Liszt; Lortzing; Massenet; Mercadante; Mussorgsky; Ponchielli; Puccini?; Rubinstein; Smetana?; Tchaikovsky; Thomas; Verdi; WAGNER
Most Similar Composers:  Auber .54; Adam .54; Donizetti .50; Thomas .49; Wagner .44; Glinka .41; Nicolai .41; Flotow .39; Spontini .38; Halévy .38; Bellini .36; Mayr .36; Berlioz .35; Verdi .35; Boieldieu .34    (18)

Miaskovsky [Myaskovsky], Nikolai [Nikolay] (1881-1950) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg- & Moscow-based
Style/Period:  Late Russian Romantic
Best Known For:  syms.---piano sonatas---string quartets
Notable Works:  . . . Conc. for Cello & Orch. in C minor Op.66 (1944-5) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano #2 in A minor Op.81 (1948-9) 
Musical Influences:  Debussy?; Glazunov; Glière; Grieg?; Medtner?; Mussorgsky; +Prokofiev?; Rachmaninov?; Rimsky-Korsakov; Scriabin; Taneyev?; Tchaikovsky; Wagner
Has Influenced:  KABALEVSKY; KHACHATURIAN; Prokofiev; Shchedrin; [V SHEBALIN]
Most Similar Composers:  Prokofiev .41; Shostakovich .38; Glière .36; Khachaturian .36; Kabalevsky .36; Arensky .33; Ippolitov-Ivanov .31; Lyadov .30; Tcherepnin .28; Rachmaninov .28; Scriabin .26; Schulhoff .26; Glazunov .25; Schnittke .24; Shchedrin .24    (9)

Milán, Luis de [Luys] (c1500 - c1561) Spanish; flourished at Valencia
Style/Period:  Middle Spanish Renaissance
Best Known For:  music for vihuela---songs
Notable Work:  . . . El Maestro [pavanas & fantasias for vihuela] (p1536)
Most Similar Composers:  Cabezón .40; Guerrero .35; Gibbons .27; Byrd .23; Holborne .22; Caccini .20; Morales .18; Sarasate .16; Campion .16; Caldara .14; Lawes .14; Victoria .14; Fauré .14; Wieniawski .14; Arne .13    (6)

81. Milhaud, Darius (1892-1974) French; mainly U.S.-based 1940-71
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical
Genre Profile:  222---2222---2222---222---22---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  ballets---operas---chamber music---orchestral pcs---syms. & chamber syms.---concs.---songs---polytonal music
Notable Works:  . . . Le Boeuf sur le Toit [pantomime ballet] Op.58 (1919) . . . La Création du Monde [ballet] Op.81 (1923) . . . Christophe Colomb [opera] Op.102 (1928) . . . Pastorale [oboe, cl & bassoon] Op.147 (1935) . . . Suite Provençale [orch.] Op.152b (1936) . . . Scaramouche [suite for 2 pf] Op.165b (1937) . . . La Cheminée du Roi René [suite for wind quintet] Op.205 (1939) . . . Suite Française [in band & orch. arrs.] Op.248 (1944) . . . David [opera] Op.320 (1952) . . . Duo Concertante [cl & pf] Op.351 (1956) 
Musical Influences:  Chabrier?; Debussy; Fauré; Koechlin; -Mussorgsky; Satie; Stravinsky; Villa-Lobos; -Wagner?; JAZZ & folk & popular music; Brazilian music
Has Influenced:  [G Antheil]; Badings; Bernstein; Blacher; -Bliss; Bolcom; [D Brubeck]; Copland; Gershwin; Honegger; Ibert?; Kurtág; Montsalvatge; Rorem; Schickele?; Tailleferre?; Tansman; -Villa-Lobos; Xenakis; [BA Zimmermann]
Most Similar Composers:  Poulenc .40; Françaix .38; Tailleferre .37; Auric .35; Ravel .33; Koechlin .32; Carpenter .32; Copland .31; Piston .31; Satie .29; Ibert .28; Roussel .28; Dutilleux .27; Lambert .26; Guarnieri .26    (8)

Moeran, E. [Ernest] J. [John] (1894-1950) British
Style/Period:  English Nationalist (Neoromantic)
Best Known For:  concs.---orchestral pcs---vocal & choral music---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Sym. in G minor (1934-7) 
Musical Influences:  Bax; Delius; IRELAND; Sibelius; Vaughan Williams; +Walton; Warlock; British & Irish folksong
Most Similar Composers:  Hanson .37; Alwyn .36; Sallinen .32; Nørgård .32; Howells .32; Rubbra .31; Arnold .31; Leighton .30; Bax .30; Grainger .30; Thompson .29; Finzi .28; Kokkonen .27; Hovhaness .27; Butterworth .27    (16)

Mompou (y Dencausse), Federico (1893-1987) Spanish (Catalan); Barcelona- & Paris-based
Style/Period:  Impressionist
Best Known For:  solo piano---songs
Musical Influences:  --Chopin; Debussy; Fauré; Ravel; SATIE; Scriabin; Catalan folk music; jazz
Has Influenced:  Monk
Most Similar Composers:  Koechlin .54; Rorem .44; Casella .43; Carpenter .43; Griffes .42; Tansman .42; Loeffler .40; Albéniz .39; Dutilleux .38; Gerhard .38; Ibert .37; Ireland .37; Bridge .37; Montsalvatge .36; Medtner .36    (35)

Monk, Meredith Jane (1942-) American; New York-based
Style/Period:  Experimentalist
Best Known For:  vocal music---operas & other stage works
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Mompou; ---Pérotin; -Satie; Stravinsky; rock music; eurhythmics
Has Influenced:  Tan?
Most Similar Composers:  Thomson .49; Reich .39; Tailleferre .34; Oliveros .34; Musgrave .34; Maderna .32; Glass .30; Diamond .29; Corigliano .29; Crawford .26; Tippett .26; Foss .25; Kurtág .25; Blacher .24; Birtwistle .24    (11)

53. Monteverdi, Claudio (1567-1643) Italian; Venice-based from 1613
Style/Period:  Early Italian Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  madrigals---operas---masses & other church music
Notable Works:  . . . madrigals (9 books) [1-8 vv, unacc. or w/basso-continuo; some w/additional instrs.] (p1587-1651) . . . L'Orfeo [opera] (1607) . . . Lament from (the opera) L'Arianna (1608) . . . Vespro della Beata Vergine [6 vv & 6 instrs.] (1610) . . . The Coronation of Poppea [opera] (1642) 
Musical Influences:  Caccini?; G Gabrieli; -Gombert; [M'A Ingegneri]; [L Luzzaschi]; Marenzio; Palestrina; [J Peri]; -Rore; [G DE WERT]
Has Influenced:  +Blow?; Buxtehude; Carissimi; CAVALLI; [A Cesti]; +++Dallapiccola; +++Davies; Frescobaldi; -G Gabrieli; [A GRANDI]; +++Henze; +++Kurtág; Lawes; +++Ligeti?; +Lotti?; Lully; -[L Luzzaschi]; +++Malipiero; +++ORFF; +++Pizzetti; Praetorius; +Purcell; +++Respighi; +A Scarlatti; Scheidt; Schein; SCHÜTZ; Tomkins?; Weelkes; [J Wilbye]
Most Similar Composers:  Hassler .57; Cavalli .54; Legrenzi .51; Willaert .40; Lasso .39; Gesualdo .38; Rore .36; A Gabrieli .33; Lotti .32; Allegri .31; Caccini .31; Schütz .31; Victoria .30; A Scarlatti .30; Byrd .29    (21)

Montsalvatge, Xavier (1912-2002) Catalan; mainly Barcelona-based
Style/Period:  evolved through several major stylistic stages toward a final Avant-garde one
Best Known For:  solo piano---vocal music---orchestral pcs
Notable Work:  . . . 5 Canciones Negras [songs for solo v & pf] (1945) 
Musical Influences:  Auric; Debussy; Messiaen; Milhaud; --Mussorgsky?; Ravel; Satie; Schoenberg?; Stravinsky; --Wagner?; Serialism; West Indian (espec. Cuban) music; dance
Most Similar Composers:  Griffes .51; Mompou .36; Walker .35; Blacher .35; Birtwistle .35; Gershwin .35; Villa-Lobos .34; Diamond .33; Xenakis .33; Gerhard .33; Copland .33; Casella .32; Boulez .32; Tower .32; Bowles .32    (17)

Moore, Douglas (1893-1969) American; Long Island-based
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (w/Vernacularist elements)
Best Known For:  operas
Notable Works:  . . . The Devil and Daniel Webster [folk opera] (1939) . . . The Ballad of Baby Doe [opera] (1956) 
Musical Influences:  Bartók?; Indy; R Strauss; -Wagner; American folk music; popular music & jazz
Most Similar Composers:  Still .39; Dello Joio .36; Sowerby .34; Menotti .31; Jongen .31; Pizzetti .31; Arnold .30; Blitzstein .28; Joplin .28; Sallinen .28; Dukas .27; Bolcom .26; Krenek .26; Mascagni .25; Pfitzner .25    (11)

Morales, Cristóbal de (c1500-53) Spanish; Italy-based from c1533-1545
Style/Period:  Middle Spanish Renaissance
Best Known For:  sacred motets---masses
Musical Influences:  Gombert; Josquin; [J Mouton]; Gregorian chant
Has Influenced:  GUERRERO; Palestrina; Victoria; +++Zelenka?
Most Similar Composers:  Clemens .67; Gombert .67; Taverner .63; Isaac .59; Tallis .54; Rore .53; Guerrero .53; Palestrina .48; Willaert .47; Cabezón .46; Machaut .46; Victoria .45; La Rue .45; Obrecht .42; Binchois .42    (26)

Moreno Torróba, Federico (1891-1982) Spanish
Style/Period:  Spanish Nationalist (Neoromantic)
Best Known For:  guitar (solo, chamber combs.)---stage works (especially zarzuelas)
Notable Works:  . . . Madroños [guitar] (1954) . . . Sonatina in A [guitar] (1965) 
Musical Influences:  Albéniz; Bartók; Debussy; Puccini; Ravel; Stravinsky; Tárrega; jazz; Spanish folk & gypsy music
Most Similar Composers:  Rodrigo .43; Revueltas .36; Turina .34; Piazzolla .34; Zwilich .33; Dutilleux .33; Gerhard .33; Ibert .32; Castelnuovo-Tedesco .31; Falla .31; Carpenter .30; Kraft .30; Bliss .30; Tubin .30; Villa-Lobos .29    (15)

Morley, Thomas (1557/58 - 1602) British; London-based from c1588
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Best Known For:  madrigals---ayres---anthems---consort music
Notable Work:  . . . The First Book of Ayres [solo v, lute & bass viol] (p1600) 
Musical Influences:  BYRD; +Dowland; [A Ferrabosco]; Marenzio; +Philips; ITALIAN MADRIGALISTS
Has Influenced:  Dowland?; Gibbons; Tomkins; Weelkes; [J Wilbye]; British madrigal school
Most Similar Composers:  Gibbons .53; Weelkes .52; Tomkins .51; Holborne .49; Dowland .48; Campion .45; Lawes .41; Philips .38; Bull .33; Sheppard .29; Sweelinck .28; Boyce .24; Tallis .23; Gesualdo .20; Byrd .18    (12)

Moszkowski, Moritz (1854-1925) German; mainly Berlin- & Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late Romantic
Best Known For:  piano (solo, 2 players, w/orch.)---Spanish themes---arrs. of other composers' works
Musical Influences:  -Chopin; Liszt; -Mendelssohn; R Schumann; Spanish music
Most Similar Composers:  Raff .52; Paderewski .45; Medtner .42; Rubinstein .42; MacDowell .42; Chabrier .42; Busoni .41; Beach .38; Grieg .37; Lyadov .37; Dohnányi .37; Fauré .36; Ravel .35; C Schumann .35; Sinding .35    (17)

2. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-91) Austrian; mainly Vienna-based, with significant stays in Salzburg, Milan, Paris, Munich & Prague
Style/Period:  Classical (Viennese Classical)
Genre Profile:  333---3333---3333---322---23---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  important contributor to all main genres
Notable Works:  . . . Exsultate, Jubilate in F [sacred motet for solo v & orch.] K165/158a (1773) . . . Bassoon Conc. in B flat K191/186e (1774) . . . Sym. #29 in A K201/186a (1774) . . . Violin Conc. #3 in G K216 (1775) . . . Violin Conc. #4 in D K218 (1775) . . . Violin Conc. #5 in A K219 (1775) . . . Conc. for Flute, Harp & Orch. in C K299/297c (1778) . . . Sonata for Violin & Keyboard in E minor K304/300c (1778) . . . Flute Conc. #1 in G K313/285c (1778) . . . Oboe Conc. in C K314/285d/271k (1778) . . . Mass #16 in C 'Coronation' [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] K317 (1779) . . . Sinfonia Concertante in E flat [vln, va & orch.] K364/320d (1779) . . . Conc. for 2 Pianos & Orch. in E flat K365/316a (1779) . . . Sonata for Violin & Keyboard in B flat K378/317d (1779 or 1781) . . . Piano Sonata in A K331/300i (1781-3), incl. 'Turkish Rondo' . . . Serenade in B flat 'Gran Partita' [13 wind instrs.] K361/370a (1781 or 1781-4) . . . Quartet for Oboe & Strings in F K370/368b (1781) . . . The Abduction from the Seraglio [opera] K384 (1782) . . . Sym. #35 in D 'Haffner' K385 (1782) . . . String Quartet #14 in G K387 (1782) . . . Fantasia in D minor [pf] K397/385g (1782 or 1786-7) . . . Mass #18 in C minor 'Great' [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] K427/417a (1782-3) . . . Horn Conc. #2 in E flat K417 (1783) . . . Sym. #36 in C 'Linz' K425 (1783) . . . Horn Conc. #3 in E flat K447 (1784?-7) . . . Quintet for Piano & Winds in E flat K452 (1784) . . . Piano Conc. #17 in G K453 (1784) . . . Piano Sonata in C minor K457 (1784) . . . String Quartet #17 in B flat 'Hunt' K458 (1784) . . . String Quartet #19 in C 'Dissonance' K465 (1785) . . . Piano Conc. #20 in D minor K466 (1785) . . . Piano Conc. #21 in C K467 (1785) . . . Fantasia in C minor [pf] K475 (1785) . . . Piano Conc. #23 in A K488 (1786) . . . Piano Conc. #24 in C minor K491 (1786) . . . The Marriage of Figaro [opera] K492 (1786) . . . Over. to (the opera) The Marriage of Figaro [orch.] K492 (1786) . . . Piano Quartet in E flat K493 (1786) . . . Horn Conc. #4 in E flat K495 (1786) . . . Trio for Clarinet, Viola & Piano in E flat K498 (1786) . . . Piano Conc. #25 in C K503 (1786) . . . Sym. #38 in D 'Prague' K504 (1786) . . . String Quintet #3 in C K515 (1787) . . . String Quintet #4 in G minor K516 (1787) . . . Serenade in G 'Eine Kleine Nachtmusik' [string orch.] K525 (1787) . . . Don Giovanni [opera] K527 (1787) . . . Over. to (the opera) Don Giovanni [orch.] K527 (1787) . . . Piano Conc. #26 in D 'Coronation' K537 (1788) . . . Sym. #39 in E flat K543 (1788) . . . Piano Sonata in C K545 (1788) . . . Sym. #40 in G minor K550 (1788) . . . Sym. #41 in C 'Jupiter' K551 (1788) . . . Divertimento for String Trio in E flat K563 (1788) . . . String Quartet #21 in D 'Prussian' K575 (1789) . . . Quintet for Clarinet & Strings in A K581 (1789) . . . Cosi Fan Tutte [opera] K588 (1790) . . . Piano Conc. #27 in B flat K595 (1788?-91) . . . Horn Conc. #1 in D K412/386b (1791) . . . Ave Verum Corpus in D [sacred motet for chorus & string orch.] K618 (1791) . . . The Magic Flute [opera] K620 (1791) . . . Over. to (the opera) The Magic Flute [orch.] K620 (1791) . . . Clarinet Conc. in A K622 (1791) . . . Mass #19 in D minor 'Requiem' [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] K626 (1791) 
Musical Influences:  CPE Bach; JC BACH; -JS Bach; Boccherini; Cimarosa?; Clementi; -Fux?; Gluck; Grétry?; Handel; Hasse; J Haydn; M Haydn; Jommelli?; Martini; [L Mozart]; Paisiello; -Pergolesi; Piccinni; Sammartini; J Stamitz; Tartini; Viotti?
Has Influenced:  +++Adams; +++Argento; Auber; Beethoven; +Bellini; +++Berkeley; +Berlioz; +Berwald; ++Bizet; Boieldieu; ++Brahms; ++Bruckner; ++Busoni; Carulli; Cherubini; +Chopin; -Cimarosa; -Clementi; +++Corigliano; Czerny; +++Dallapiccola?; Danzi; -Dittersdorf; +Donizetti; Dussek; ++Dvorák; ++Elgar; ++Fauré; Field; +++Françaix?; Giuliani?; +Glinka; ++Gounod; ++Hahn; -Hasse?; -J Haydn; -M Haydn; +++Henze; +++Hindemith?; HUMMEL; +++Kokkonen; Krommer; Kuhlau; +++Larsson; +Liszt?; +LORTZING; ++Martinu; ++Mascagni?; Mayr; Méhul; +Mendelssohn; +Mendelssohn-Hensel; +++Messiaen; Meyerbeer; +Nicolai; ++Nielsen; +++Nyman; ++Offenbach; ++Pfitzner?; +++Poulenc; ++Prokofiev?; ++Puccini?; ++Ravel; ++Reger; Reicha; ++Reinecke; ++Rheinberger; ++Rimsky-Korsakov?; +++Rochberg?; +ROSSINI; ++Saint-Saëns; -Salieri; +++Schickele?; +++Schnittke; ++Schoenberg; +Schubert; ++C Schumann?; ++Smetana; Sor; SPOHR; Spontini; ++R Strauss; ++Stravinsky; ++Sullivan?; ++Taneyev; ++TCHAIKOVSKY; ++Toch; +Verdi; -Viotti; +Wagner; Weber; +++Weill; ++Wolf-Ferrari; +++[BA Zimmermann]
Most Similar Composers:  J Haydn .46; Beethoven .39; JC Bach .38; Cimarosa .32; Salieri .32; Boccherini .29; Dittersdorf .29; Gluck .29; Schubert .27; Weber .26; Cherubini .24; CPE Bach .22; Paisiello .22; M Haydn .21; Brahms .20    (12)

Muffat, Georg (1653-1704) German; born in France & worked/studied in Paris, Molsheim, Ingolstadt, Salzburg, Rome & Passau
Style/Period:  Middle Austrian Baroque
Best Known For:  concerti grossi---orchestral suites
Musical Influences:  Biber?; CORELLI; +F Couperin; -Frescobaldi; LULLY; [B Pasquini]; French & Italian music
Has Influenced:  Geminiani?; Handel
Most Similar Composers:  Lalande .41; Telemann .41; Schmelzer .35; Fux .34; JS Bach .30; Leclair .30; Blow .28; Locatelli .28; Marais .28; Boyce .28; Buxtehude .27; Biber .25; Torelli .21; Corelli .20; Froberger .20    (16)

Musgrave, Thea (1928-) Scottish-American; U.S.-based from 1972
Style/Period:  Serial, w/Experimentalist elements
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---chamber music---operas
Musical Influences:  Babbitt; Bartók; Britten; Copland; Ives; Schoenberg; Webern
Most Similar Composers:  Perle .50; Riegger .45; Rochberg .40; Zwilich .38; Tower .36; Krenek .36; Petrassi .35; Wuorinen .34; Monk .34; Crawford .34; Wolpe .34; Schuller .33; Ginastera .33; Foss .32; Birtwistle .31    (16)

49. Mussorgsky [Musorgsky, etc.], Modest (1835-81) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg-based from c1849
Style/Period:  Russian Nationalist (Romantic)
Genre Profile:  003---0000---0001---200---03---130
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---songs & song cycles---orchestral pcs---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1857-79) . . . St. John's Night on the Bare Mountain [sym. poem] (1867) . . . Boris Godunov [opera] (1868-72, r1873) . . . Khovanshchina [opera] (1872-80) . . . Prelude to (the opera) Khovanshchina [orch.] (1872-80) . . . Pictures at an Exhibition [pf suite] (1874; various later orch. arrs. 1874-) . . . Songs & Dances of Death [song cycle for solo v & pf] (1875-7) 
Musical Influences:  +Balakirev; -Beethoven?; Berlioz; Dargomïzhsky; GLINKA; Liszt; Meyerbeer; R Schumann; Verdi?; Wagner?; Russian folk music; Russian Orthodox chant
Has Influenced:  ++Argento?; +Bartók; Bloch; -Borodin; Chausson?; +Copland; Debussy; Falla; +Griffes; +Hanson; Janácek; Lyadov; ++Menotti; ++Messiaen?; Miaskovsky; +Milhaud; ++Montsalvatge?; Pizzetti; +Prokofiev; ++Rautavaara; Ravel; Rimsky-Korsakov?; ++Shchedrin?; +Shostakovich; +Tcherepnin
Most Similar Composers:  Borodin .72; Balakirev .60; Cui .58; Rimsky-Korsakov .57; Dargomïzhsky .52; Smetana .49; Rubinstein .47; Tchaikovsky .46; Lyadov .45; Ponchielli .39; Glinka .37; Granados .37; Boito .36; Grieg .36; Wolf .35    (18)

Nancarrow, Conlon (1912-97) American-Mexican; Mexico City-based from 1940
Style/Period:  Experimentalist (American Vernacularist)
Best Known For:  canonic player-piano roll-based music
Notable Work:   . . . 37 Studies for Player Piano (1950-68) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Cage; Cowell; Stravinsky; jazz; world music
Has Influenced:  Adams; Cage?; -Carter; Ligeti
Most Similar Composers:  Piazzolla .39; Ligeti .30; Schafer .28; Gershwin .27; Wolpe .27; Andriessen .27; Kagel .25; Blitzstein .25; Crawford .25; Kraft .25; Foss .24; Gould .24; Krenek .23; Villa-Lobos .23; Schickele .23    (8)

Nicolai, (Carl) Otto (1810-49) German; Vienna-based 1841-7, also lived in Rome & Berlin
Style/Period:  Early German Romantic (Biedermeier)
Best Known For:  operas
Notable Work:  . . . The Merry Wives of Windsor [opera] (1849) 
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Bellini; Donizetti; Mendelssohn; -Mozart; ---Palestrina; Rossini; Weber
Most Similar Composers:  Wagner .50; Berwald .45; Lortzing .45; Glinka .41; Verdi .41; Kuhlau .41; Meyerbeer .41; Bottesini .38; Spohr .37; Auber .36; Mayr .36; Bizet .35; Loewe .35; Boieldieu .34; Goldmark .34    (23)

84. Nielsen, Carl (1865-1931) Danish; mainly Copenhagen-based from 1884
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Romantic (Danish Nationalist) to c1913; with increasing Neoclassical elements thereafter
Genre Profile:  322---0230---2212---221---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  syms.---concs.---songs & choral songs---chamber music---incidental music suites---operas---solo piano & solo organ
Notable Works:  . . . Little Suite in A minor [string orch.] Op.1 (1888, r1889) . . . Sym. #1 in G minor Op.7 (1890-2) . . . secular songs [solo v & pf] (1891-1927) . . . Sym. #2 'Four Temperaments' Op.16 (1901-2) . . . Over. to (the opera) Maskarade [orch.] (1904-6) . . . Sym. #3 'Sinfonia Espansiva' Op.27 (1910-1) . . . Violin Conc. Op.33 (1911) . . . Sym. #4 'Inextinguishable' Op.29 (1914-6) . . . Sym. #5 Op.50 (1921-2) . . . Wind Quintet Op.43 (1922) . . . Flute Conc. (1926) . . . Clarinet Conc. Op.57 (1928) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Berwald?; --Beethoven; Berlioz?; Brahms; Gade; Grieg; JPE Hartmann; --J Haydn?; --Mozart; ---Palestrina; Svendsen; Wagner?; Renaissance & Early Baroque polyphony; Danish folk music
Has Influenced:  Bartók?; HOLMBOE; Larsson; +Nørgård; Rubbra; +Sallinen; Shostakovich; [R Simpson]; Stenhammar; Tubin
Most Similar Composers:  Sibelius .42; Stenhammar .39; Svendsen .37; Reger .37; Grieg .37; Ives .37; Alfvén .36; Hindemith .35; Bartók .34; Pfitzner .34; Schoenberg .34; Busoni .33; Sinding .32; Parry .32; Kokkonen .32    (15)

Nono, Luigi (1924-90) Italian
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde
Best Known For:  music on political subjects---magnetic tape-based concert music---stage works
Musical Influences:  Dallapiccola; Maderna; Malipiero; ---Ockeghem; Schoenberg; Varèse; -Verdi; --Wagner?; WEBERN; Renaissance & Early Baroque polyphony
Has Influenced:  Górecki; Holliger; Kurtág?; Penderecki; RIHM; Schnittke?
Most Similar Composers:  Maderna .48; Berio .34; Boulez .31; Stockhausen .31; Petrassi .30; Babbitt .29; Thompson .25; Holliger .25; Scelsi .24; Eisler .24; Penderecki .24; Davidovsky .22; Varèse .22; Rihm .21; Wuorinen .21    (6)

Nørgård, Per (1932-) Danish
Style/Period:  evolving over time from Neoromanticism toward more modernist approaches
Best Known For:  syms. & other orchestral pcs---vocal- & choral/choral-orchestral music
Musical Influences:  Bartók; HOLMBOE; -Nielsen; SIBELIUS; Stockhausen; dance; sounds of nature
Most Similar Composers:  Sallinen .35; Tubin .35; Rubbra .34; Larsson .34; Górecki .33; Holmboe .32; Hanson .32; Moeran .32; Thompson .31; Hovhaness .30; Kokkonen .30; Walton .29; Schafer .29; Rautavaara .29; Barber .27    (13)

Novák, Vítezslav (1870-1949) Bohemian; Prague-based from c1889
Style/Period:  Late Romantic (Czech Nationalist)
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs
Musical Influences:  Brahms?; Debussy; DVORÁK; Grieg; -Mendelssohn?; R Schumann; R Strauss; MORAVIAN, BOHEMIAN & SLOVAKIAN FOLK MUSIC
Has Influenced:  [A Hába]; Husa?
Most Similar Composers:  Alfvén .46; Chadwick .44; Fibich .43; Beach .42; Foote .41; Suk .39; Coleridge-Taylor .35; Dohnányi .33; Stanford .33; Stenhammar .33; Svendsen .31; Gretchaninov .31; Schulhoff .30; Sinding .30; Parry .30    (11)

Nyman, Michael Laurence (1944-) British
Style/Period:  Experimentalist/Minimalist
Best Known For:  film scores; chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . The Draughtsman's Contract [film score] (1982) . . . The Piano [film score] (1993)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; ---Bull; [A Bush]; Cage; Glass; Hindemith?; ---Mozart; ---Purcell; Reich; Riley; Shostakovich?; --R Schumann; Baroque music; folk music; rock music
Most Similar Composers:  Tan .43; Kokkonen .36; Foss .34; Adams .29; Andriessen .28; Kagel .26; Holmboe .26; Ligeti .24; Glass .24; Persichetti .24; Petrassi .23; Toch .22; Reich .21; Rochberg .21; Tippett .20    (6)

Obrecht, Jacob (1457/8-1505) Dutch; visited Italy in 1487-8
Style/Period:  Middle Franco-Flemish Renaissance
Best Known For:  sacred motets---masses
Musical Influences:  [A Busnois]; -[J Ciconia]?; Dufay; Ockeghem; plainchant
Has Influenced:  -Isaac?; -Josquin?; +++Pärt; Senfl?
Most Similar Composers:  Josquin .71; Binchois .71; Dunstable .71; La Rue .68; Dufay .68; Ockeghem .63; Machaut .61; Isaac .59; Gombert .53; Pérotin .43; Morales .42; Janequin .42; Clemens .40; Taverner .37; Tallis .32    (17)

Ockeghem, Johannes [Okeghem, Jean] (c1420-97) Franco-Flemish
Style/Period:  Early Franco-Flemish Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  masses---sacred motets---secular songs (chansons)
Notable Works:  . . . Requiem [4 vv] (1461?) . . . Alma redemptoris mater [sacred motet for 4 vv] (d?) 
Musical Influences:  Binchois; -[J Ciconia]?; Dufay; Dunstable
Has Influenced:  [A Busnois]; -Dufay?; Janequin; Josquin; +++Krenek; La Rue; +++Ligeti; +++Nono; Obrecht; +++Pärt; Senfl?; +++Taneyev
Most Similar Composers:  Binchois .75; Dufay .70; Josquin .63; Obrecht .63; La Rue .60; Machaut .54; Dunstable .50; Gombert .47; Clemens .47; Isaac .41; Susato .37; Janequin .37; Willaert .31; Victoria .29; Lasso .29    (13)

76. Offenbach, Jacques (1819-80) German-French; Paris-based from 1833
Style/Period:  French Light Classical
Genre Profile:  022---0200---1112---102---23---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operettas---The Tales of Hoffmann (opera)---cello (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . Orpheus in the Underworld [operetta] (1858) . . . Over. to (the operetta) Orpheus in the Underworld [orch.] (1858) . . . La Belle Hélène [operetta] (1864) . . . The Tales of Hoffmann [opera] (1881), incl. 'Barcarolle' [orch.] 
Musical Influences:  Auber; Flotow; --Mozart; Rossini; Wagner
Has Influenced:  Bizet; -Flotow; Hahn; Lehár; J STRAUSS JR.; Sullivan; SUPPÉ; +Weill?
Most Similar Composers:  Herbert .40; Suppé .35; Spontini .35; Halévy .35; Auber .33; Adam .33; Donizetti .32; Verdi .32; Sullivan .32; Boieldieu .31; Meyerbeer .30; Thomas .30; Saint-Saëns .28; Carulli .27; G Charpentier .27    (10)

Oliveros, Pauline (1932-2016) American; California-based c1951-71, New York- and Upstate New York-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Experimentalist ('New Music')
Best Known For:  theater & mixed-media works---electronic music---improvisations & 'sonic meditations'---feminist music---music for accordion
Musical Influences:  Cage; Crawford?; [R Erickson]; Partch; Varèse; meditation & breathing
Most Similar Composers:  Kagel .39; Monk .34; Feldman .31; Riley .29; Schafer .28; Wolff .28; Davidovsky .26; Cage .26; Reich .26; Partch .22; Glass .21; Harrison .20; Nono .20; Ruggles .18; Boulez .17    (9)

103. Orff, Carl (1895-1982) German; Munich-based
Style/Period:  Neoclassical/Exoticist (Neomedieval)
Genre Profile:  011---1001---0000---000---02---130
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  'scenic choral' stage cantatas---operas---music for children---chamber music---music education
Notable Work:  . . . Carmina Burana [secular cantata for 3 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1937) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Debussy; ---G Gabrieli; [E Jaques-Dalcroze]; ---MONTEVERDI; ---Pachelbel?; ---Schütz?; R Strauss; STRAVINSKY; ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE MUSIC; Baroque music
Has Influenced:  Schnittke
Most Similar Composers:  Harbison .42; Pizzetti .39; Malipiero .38; Kurtág .34; Varèse .33; Kodály .33; Hovhaness .32; Davies .31; Tippett .30; Kokkonen .30; Respighi .29; Harris .29; Schuman .28; Rubbra .27; Tailleferre .27    (14)

111. Pachelbel, Johann (1653-1706) German
Style/Period:  Middle German Baroque
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo organ, espec. chorale preludes---church music (motets, sacred concertos, magnificats, etc.)
Notable Works:  . . . Canon & Gigue in D [3 vlns & basso-continuo] (late 17th cent.; since then in many other arrs.) . . . Toccata in E minor [org] (late 17th cent.) 
Musical Influences:  Buxtehude?; -Frescobaldi; Froberger; --A Gabrieli; [JC Keryll]; Lutheran & Catholic liturgy
Has Influenced:  JS Bach; +++Orff?
Most Similar Composers:  Böhm .49; JS Bach .43; Buxtehude .38; Bruhns .37; Scheidt .35; Biber .33; L Couperin .30; Schütz .30; Byrd .28; F Couperin .28; G Gabrieli .26; Frescobaldi .26; Sweelinck .25; Purcell .24; Froberger .24    (16)

Paderewski, Ignacy Jan (1860-1941) Polish; travelled widely
Style/Period:  Late Romantic
Best Known For:  piano (solo, w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Conc. in A minor Op.17 (1888) . . . Menuet Célèbre in G Op.14 no.1 [pf] (1887) 
Musical Influences:  -Chopin; Elgar?; [T Leschetitzky]; Liszt; Rubinstein; +Sibelius?; Tchaikovsky?; Wagner; Polish folk music
Most Similar Composers:  MacDowell .49; Moszkowski .45; Raff .43; Busoni .41; Beach .38; Lyadov .37; Dohnányi .37; Bax .36; Sinding .35; Scriabin .33; Glazunov .33; Rachmaninov .31; Albéniz .30; Granados .30; Janácek .28    (11)

69. Paganini, Nicolò (1782-1840) Italian
Style/Period:  Post-Classical (Paris virtuoso school)
Genre Profile:  000---0301---0122---003---00---010
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  violin (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---guitar (solo, chamber combs.)
Notable Works:  . . . 24 Caprices [vln] Op.1 (c1805) . . . Violin Conc. #1 in D [originally E flat] Op.6 (1817?) . . . Cantabile in D [vln & guitar] Op.17 (1823) . . . Moto Perpetuo in C [vln & orch.] Op.11 (1835) 
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; [AF Durand]; -Geminiani?; Giuliani?; [R Kreutzer]; -Locatelli; [JPJ Rode]; -D Scarlatti; Viotti?; GUITAR MUSIC; French violin music; Italian opera
Has Influenced:  Alkan?; Brahms?; Chopin; Czerny?; [HW Ernst]; -Giuliani?; Gottschalk?; LISZT; Mercadante?; ++Rachmaninov; +Sarasate; R Schumann; VIEUXTEMPS; Wieniawski
Most Similar Composers:  Carulli .42; Vieuxtemps .34; Sor .32; Sanz .29; Viotti .28; Giuliani .27; Leclair .22; Méhul .21; Clementi .20; Spohr .19; Arne .18; Weiss .18; Tárrega .18; Schmelzer .17; Soler .17    (9)

Paisiello, Giovanni (1740-1816) Italian; mainly Naples-based from 1754
Style/Period:  Classical
Best Known For:  comic operas---concs.
Musical Influences:  [F Durante]; Gluck?; Piccinni
Has Influenced:  Bellini; Mayr; Mozart; Rossini; Salieri?; Sor?
Most Similar Composers:  Piccinni .80; Cimarosa .47; Salieri .47; Grétry .37; Cherubini .31; Spontini .29; Mayr .28; Pergolesi .28; Méhul .26; Jommelli .25; Dittersdorf .23; Legrenzi .22; Mozart .22; A Scarlatti .21; Boccherini .19    (9)

80. Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da (1525/6 - 1594) Italian; Rome-based
Style/Period:  Late Italian Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music (masses, motets, magnificats)---secular madrigals
Notable Works:  . . . secular madrigals [3-5 vv] (p1555-94) . . . Missa Papae Marcelli [6 vv] (p1567) . . . Missa brevis [4 vv] (p1570) . . . Missa tu es petrus [6 vv] (p1572) . . . Tu es petrus [sacred motet for 6 vv] (p1572) . . . Missa nigra sum [5 vv] (p1590) . . . magnificats [4-8 vv] (p1591) . . . Missa assumpta est Maria [6 vv] (d?) . . . Stabat Mater [sacred motet for 8 vv] (d?) 
Musical Influences:  [C Festa]; -Josquin; Morales; Rore; +Victoria?; Willaert; Franco-Flemish & French polyphonists; Gregorian chant/plainchant
Has Influenced:  ALLEGRI; ++JS Bach; +++Bartók; +++Beethoven; +++Boccherini; +++Bruckner; +Cavalli; +++Cherubini; ++FUX; G Gabrieli?; +++GOUNOD; Guerrero; +++Hanson; +++Harris; Hassler; +++M Haydn; +++Kodály; Lasso; +++Leighton; +++Liszt; Marenzio; +++Mendelssohn; Monteverdi; +++Nicolai; +++Nielsen; ++[B Pasquini]; +++Petrassi; +++Pfitzner; Philips; Praetorius; +++Rheinberger?; ++A Scarlatti; Schütz; +++Verdi; VICTORIA; +++Wagner; ++Zelenka
Most Similar Composers:  Rore .63; Willaert .57; Gombert .54; Taverner .51; G Gabrieli .51; Morales .48; Gesualdo .48; Lasso .45; Isaac .40; Marenzio .38; Victoria .38; Clemens .36; Guerrero .36; Machaut .31; La Rue .30    (15)

Parry, (Charles) Hubert (1848-1918) British; London- & Oxford-based from 1883
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Romantic
Best Known For:  sacred choral music---solo organ---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . I Was Glad [anthem] (1902; r1911) . . . Jerusalem [sacred unison song with words by William Blake for chorus & orch.] Op.208 (1916) 
Musical Influences:  --JS BACH; -Beethoven; BRAHMS; Liszt; -Mendelssohn; -Schubert?; R Schumann; WAGNER
Has Influenced:  Coleridge-Taylor?; Elgar; Finzi; Howells; Vaughan Williams
Most Similar Composers:  Stanford .64; Rheinberger .57; Stenhammar .52; Fibich .49; Goldmark .49; Reger .48; Svendsen .47; Bruckner .46; Guilmant .46; Mahler .44; Chadwick .44; Gade .44; Raff .40; Franck .39; Taneyev .38    (34)

Pärt, Arvo (1935-) Estonian; Berlin-based from 1982
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde to c1975; Minimalist thereafter
Genre Profile:  202---1212---2202---221---00---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  sacred vocal- & choral chamber/orchestral music---orchestral pcs---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Tabula Rasa [2 vln, prepared pf & chamber orch.] (1976) . . . Cantus in Memory of Benjamin Britten [string orch. & bell] (1976) . . . Fratres [vln & pf] (1977; also in several later chamber & orchestral arrs.) . . . Spiegel im Spiegel [vc & pf] (1978) . . . St. John's Passion [solo vv, chorus & instrs.] (1982) . . . Stabat Mater [3 solo vv, vln, va & vc] (1985) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; ---Josquin; ---Machaut; ---Obrecht; ---Ockeghem; Prokofiev; Schoenberg; Shostakovich; --Tchaikovsky?; Gregorian chant; Medieval & Renaissance music; RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH MUSIC; minimalists
Has Influenced:  [Björk]; [K Jarrett]; [Sigur Rós]
Most Similar Composers:  Penderecki .33; Harris .31; Górecki .30; Tavener .30; Hovhaness .25; Stravinsky .25; Britten .24; Schnittke .23; Kurtág .22; Kodály .22; Schuman .21; Duruflé .21; Davies .21; Rubbra .20; Shchedrin .19    (4)

Partch, Harry (1901-74) American; mainly California-based
Style/Period:  Experimentalist (Exoticist)
Best Known For:  ensemble music employing invented (primarily percussion) instrs.---music theatre---microtonal music
Musical Influences:  Cowell; folk music; Native American music; ancient Greek music; African & Asian music
Has Influenced:  Harrison; Ligeti; Oliveros; [R Rich]; [T Waits]; [La Young]
Most Similar Composers:  Harrison .50; Cowell .33; Hovhaness .26; Reich .24; Oliveros .22; Scelsi .19; Riley .19; Tan .19; Takemitsu .19; Varèse .19; Cage .19; Gubaidulina .19; Messiaen .17; Schafer .17; Amram .17    (6)

Penderecki, Krzysztof (1933-2020) Polish
Style/Period:  at first European Avant-garde (texture music); since the mid-1970s Neoromantic
Genre Profile:  222---0222---0212---002---01---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  sacred vocal- & choral-orchestral music---works for featured string instr. w/orch.---music on political or religious subjects and/or w/strongly emotional themes
Notable Works:  . . . Anaklasis [string orch. & perc] (1960) . . . Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima [string orch.] (1960) . . . St. Luke Passion [oratorio for narr., 3 solo vv, choruses & orch.] (1963-5) . . . Utrenja I & II [sacred oratorio for 8 solo vv, 2 choruses & orch.] (1970-1) . . . Violin Conc. No. 1 (1976-7) . . . Viola Conc. (1983) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Bartók; Berg; Boulez; --Bruckner; Cage; Cowell?; Lutoslawski?; Nono; Schoenberg; Shostakovich; Stockhausen; Stravinsky; Varèse; --Wagner; Webern; Xenakis; Russian Orthodox chant
Has Influenced:  Brouwer; -Ginastera?; -Górecki; -Kurtág?
Most Similar Composers:  Górecki .44; Boulez .35; Rihm .35; Berio .34; Pärt .33; KA Hartmann .32; Henze .32; Birtwistle .32; Kurtág .31; Tavener .31; Holliger .30; Honegger .29; Schnittke .29; Crumb .28; Ligeti .26    (17)

Pergolesi, Giovanni (1710-36) Italian; mainly Naples-based from c1722
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical (Neapolitan school)
Genre Profile:  000---0200---0020---010---02---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music---operas
Notable Works:  . . . La Serva Padrona [comic opera/intermezzo] (1733) . . . Stabat Mater [2 solo vv, org & strings] (1736) . . . Salve Regina in A minor [solo v, org & strings] (1736) 
Musical Influences:  Corelli; A Scarlatti; Vivaldi; 'Neapolitan school' e.g. [F Durante], [L Vinci]
Has Influenced:  ++Bellini; +Boccherini; +Cimarosa; -Galuppi?; Gluck; +Grétry; -Hasse; Jommelli; +Mozart; ++Schubert?; +++Wolf-Ferrari
Most Similar Composers:  Hasse .48; Sammartini .47; Martini .38; Galuppi .37; D Scarlatti .36; Jommelli .36; Albinoni .34; Legrenzi .31; A Scarlatti .30; Tartini .29; Lotti .29; Vivaldi .29; Handel .29; Piccinni .28; Paisiello .28    (18)

Perle, George (1915-2009) American; mainly New York-based from 1961
Style/Period:  Serial (Neoclassical)
Best Known For:  chamber music---works for solo player
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Berg; Schoenberg; Webern?
Most Similar Composers:  Riegger .67; Petrassi .52; Musgrave .50; Rochberg .49; Zwilich .47; Krenek .44; Wolpe .42; Wuorinen .42; Babbitt .42; Schuller .41; Skalkottas .40; Dallapiccola .40; Gerhard .39; Walker .38; Blacher .38    (35)

Pérotin [Perotinus Magnus] (c1160 - c1220) French
Style/Period:  Medieval
Best Known For:  chant settings---motets
Notable Works:  . . . Viderunt omnes V. Notum fecit [gradual for 4 vv] (c1195) . . . Sederunt principes V. Adiuva [gradual for 4 vv] (c1195) 
Musical Influences:  [Léonin]; Gregorian chant
Has Influenced:  +++Monk; +++Reich
Most Similar Composers:  Machaut .71; Hildegard .47; Obrecht .43; Dunstable .43; Isaac .36; La Rue .34; Dufay .34; Allegri .23; Cabezón .23; Morales .21; Binchois .21; Loeffler .20; Gombert .20; Sheppard .20; Taverner .19    (7)

Persichetti, Vincent (1915-87) American; mainly Philadelphia- & New York-based
Style/Period:  Neoclassical
Genre Profile:  202---2011---2222---122---01---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  works for solo player (espec. piano)---syms.---chamber/wind band music---music education
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Copland; Harris; ---J Haydn; Hindemith; --R Schumann; Stravinsky
Has Influenced:  Druckman; Schickele
Most Similar Composers:  Holmboe .49; Foss .44; Schickele .42; Schuman .36; Tubin .36; Perle .36; Walker .35; Fine .33; Sessions .33; Husa .33; Riegger .32; Petrassi .31; Schulhoff .31; Wolpe .30; Rubbra .29    (16)

Petrassi, Goffredo (1904-2003) Italian
Style/Period:  Neoclassical to c1950; Serial thereafter
Best Known For:  chamber music---concertos for orch.---works for solo player
Notable Works:  8 concertos for orchestra (1933-72) 
Musical Influences:  Bartók; +Boulez?; CASELLA; Hindemith; Malipiero; ---Palestrina; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; Webern; jazz; Renaissance & Baroque music
Has Influenced:  Davies; Ginastera?; Leighton
Most Similar Composers:  Perle .52; Skalkottas .50; Walker .48; Wolpe .47; Tippett .43; Krenek .41; Sessions .41; Blacher .41; Maderna .41; Rochberg .40; Zwilich .39; Riegger .39; Casella .37; Wuorinen .37; Foss .35    (31)

Pfitzner, Hans Erich (1869-1949) German
Style/Period:  Late German Romantic (post-Wagnerian to c1920; more post-Brahmsian thereafter)
Best Known Work:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1884-1931) . . . Palestrina [opera/'musical legend'] (1912-5) . . . concs. (1922-44) 
Musical Influences:  Brahms; --J Haydn?; --Mozart?; ---Palestrina; R SCHUMANN; R Strauss; WAGNER; --Weber?; Wolf?
Most Similar Composers:  Sinding .49; Schreker .48; Reger .46; Mascagni .45; Humperdinck .45; Wolf-Ferrari .45; Reinecke .39; Zemlinsky .38; R Strauss .37; Mahler .37; Rheinberger .36; Nielsen .34; Schoenberg .34; Berg .34; Chaminade .33    (19)

Philips, Peter (1560/61 - 1628) British; Spanish Netherlands-based from c1590
Style/Period:  Early English Baroque
Best Known For:  solo keyboard---sacred vocal music (motets, etc.)---Italian-style madrigals---consort music
Musical Influences:  +Bull; Byrd; +Dowland; Holborne?; Lasso; Marenzio; Palestrina; +Sweelinck?; +Tomkins?; Victoria
Has Influenced:  Bull?; Dowland?; -Morley; Scheidt?; Sweelinck; Tomkins?
Most Similar Composers:  Sweelinck .49; Hassler .38; Morley .38; Gibbons .38; Weelkes .36; Gesualdo .35; Scheidt .33; Praetorius .32; Byrd .32; G Gabrieli .31; Tomkins .30; Lasso .30; Monteverdi .29; Bull .28; Dowland .28    (17)

98. Piazzolla, Astor (1921-92) Argentinian
Style/Period:  Argentinian Vernacularist
Genre Profile:  012---0022---2222---203---111---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  tangos (solo guitar, solo piano, chamber combs., orchestral ensemble)
Notable Works:  . . . Tango Suite [2 guitars] (1984) . . . Histoire du Tango [fl & guitar] (1986) . . . Le Grand Tango [vc & pf] (d?) . . . Adiós Nonino [guitar] (d?) . . . Verano Porteño [guitar] (d?) . . . Milonga del Ángel [pf] (d?) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Bartók; [D Ellington]?; Ginastera; Hindemith; Prokofiev; Ravel; Stravinsky; TANGO DANCE RHYTHMS; jazz
Most Similar Composers:  Nancarrow .39; Wolpe .38; Tubin .38; Blacher .37; Dutilleux .35; Berkeley .34; Moreno Torróba .34; Kraft .33; Villa-Lobos .33; Tansman .33; Foss .32; Revueltas .32; Creston .30; Walker .30; Schickele .30    (17)

Piccinni, (Vito) Niccolò (1728-1800) Italian; mainly Naples- & Paris-based
Style/Period:  Classical (Neopolitan school)
Best Known For:  operas
Musical Influences:  Gluck; Neapolitan school espec. [F Durante] & [L Leo]
Has Influenced:  Cherubini; Cimarosa; Mozart; Paisiello; Salieri?; Spontini
Most Similar Composers:  Paisiello .80; Grétry .49; Méhul .40; Cimarosa .35; Salieri .35; Cherubini .31; Pergolesi .28; Mayr .28; Marais .26; Jommelli .25; Lully .23; Dittersdorf .23; Legrenzi .22; A Scarlatti .21; Rameau .21    (11)

Pierné, Gabriel (1863-1937) French
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic (Impressionist)
Best Known For:  chamber music---ballets---works for featured instr. w/orch.---harp (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . Impromptu-Caprice [harp] Op.9 (1885) . . . Canzonetta [cl & pf] Op.19 (1888) . . . Introduction et Variations sur une Ronde Populaire [saxophone quartet] (1930) 
Musical Influences:  Debussy; Fauré?; FRANCK; Liszt?; Massenet; +Ravel; +Roussel; Saint-Saëns; Gregorian chant?
Most Similar Composers:  Schmitt .41; Loeffler .37; Jongen .36; Enescu .35; Duparc .31; Tournemire .30; Roussel .29; Françaix .29; Koechlin .28; Ravel .28; Martin .27; Dutilleux .27; Piston .27; Dukas .27; Chausson .27    (9)

Pinkham, Daniel [Rogers, Jr.] (1923-2006) American; Massachusetts-based
Style/Period:  combined a variety of stylistic starting points; to the 1950s Neoclassical then adding Serial techniques
Best Known For:  sacred choral music---organ (solo, w/chorus and/or orch.)
Musical Influences:  Barber; Britten?; ---Carissimi; Copland; Fauré?; Hindemith; Honegger; Piston; Stravinsky; electronic music; Renaissance, Baroque, & Classical music
Most Similar Composers:  Petrassi .33; Adler .32; Bernstein .31; Druckman .30; Walker .30; Fine .29; Sessions .29; Tippett .29; Piston .29; Carter .28; Finney .26; Rubbra .25; Foss .25; Skalkottas .25; Rorem .24    (9)

Piston, Walter (1894-1976) American; mainly Boston area-based from 1905
Style/Period:  Neoclassical (Neoromantic)
Genre Profile:  212---2222---2222---110---20---110
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  syms.---chamber music---concs.---orchestral pcs
Notable Works:  . . . 3 Pieces for Flute, Clarinet & Bassoon (1926) . . . 7 syms. (1937-60) . . . The Incredible Flutist [ballet] (1938; orchestral suite 1938) . . . 3 New England Sketches [orch.] (1959) 
Musical Influences:  DUKAS; Fauré; +Hindemith; Ravel; Roussel; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; Baroque, Classical & Romantic music
Has Influenced:  Adler; Anderson?; Bernstein; Carter; Finney?; Pinkham
Most Similar Composers:  Sessions .44; Dutilleux .41; Honegger .40; Walker .36; Blacher .36; Walton .35; Poulenc .33; Casella .32; Petrassi .32; Auric .31; Skalkottas .31; Larsson .31; Martinu .31; Milhaud .31; Falla .30    (12)

Pizzetti, Ildebrando (1880-1968) Italian; worked in Parma (to 1908), Florence (1908-24), Milan (1924-36) & Rome (1936-58)
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (Neomedieval)
Best Known For:  operas---choral music---chamber music
Musical Influences:  Bloch; Debussy; ---Monteverdi; Mussorgsky; R Strauss?; Verdi; Wagner; Gregorian chant; Renaissance polyphony; Medieval music
Has Influenced:  Castelnuovo-Tedesco
Most Similar Composers:  Respighi .42; Menotti .41; Malipiero .41; Orff .39; Argento .39; Jongen .36; Thompson .34; Mascagni .33; Dallapiccola .33; Ruggles .32; Kokkonen .31; Moore .31; Harris .30; Davies .29; Dello Joio .28    (17)

Ponce, Manuel (1882-1948) Mexican; mainly Mexico City-based from 1909
Style/Period:  early works Mexican Nationalist; later adding Neoclassical, Neoromantic & Impressionist accents
Genre Profile:  012---1120---0112---202---00---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo guitar---songs---concs.
Notable Works:  . . . Estrellita [song] (p1914) . . . Sonatina Meridional [guitar] (1932) . . . Concierto del Sur [guitar & orch.] (1941) 
Musical Influences:  --Chopin; Debussy; Dukas; Liszt; --Schubert?; Mexican & Cuban popular & folk music; Baroque music
Has Influenced:  Chávez
Most Similar Composers:  Lauro .44; Rodrigo .41; Albéniz .39; Guarnieri .38; Barrios .37; Chávez .36; Castelnuovo-Tedesco .36; Revueltas .35; Falla .34; Villa-Lobos .32; Lara .32; Brouwer .32; Mompou .28; Granados .27; Turina .27    (12)

Ponchielli, Amilcare (1834-86) Italian
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Romantic
Genre Profile:  121---0011---0112---110---23---110
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known Work:  . . . La Gioconda [opera] (1876), incl. 'Dance of the Hours' [orch.] 
Musical Influences:  Meyerbeer; Verdi; Wagner?
Has Influenced:  Giordano; Mascagni; Puccini
Most Similar Composers:  Boito .67; Leoncavallo .52; Puccini .43; Mascagni .41; Delibes .41; Giordano .40; Mussorgsky .39; Dargomïzhsky .35; Smetana .34; Massenet .34; Mercadante .31; Bizet .31; Verdi .31; Bellini .28; Donizetti .27    (14)

55. Poulenc, Francis (1899-1963) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical
Genre Profile:  022---2002---2023---301---22---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---sacred vocal- & choral-orchestral music---sonatas---songs & song cycles---operas---ballets---concs.
Notable Works:  . . . 3 Mouvements Perpetuels [pf] (1918) . . . songs & song cycles [solo v & pf] (1918-62) . . . Les Biches [ballet w/chorus] (1923) . . . Trio for Oboe, Bassoon & Piano (1926) . . . Concert Champêtre [hpschd (or pf) & orch.] (1927-8) . . . Conc. for 2 Pianos & Orch. in D minor (1932) . . . Sextet [pf & wind quintet] (1932-9) . . . Conc. for Organ, Strings & Percussion in G minor (1938) . . . Stabat Mater [solo v, chorus & orch.] (1950) . . . Dialogues des Carmélites [religious opera] (1953-6) . . . Sonata for Flute & Piano (1956) . . . La Voix Humaine [opera] (1958) . . . Gloria in G [solo v, chorus & orch.] (1959) . . . Sonata for Clarinet & Piano (1962) . . . Sonata for Oboe & Piano (1962) 
Musical Influences:  Bartók; -Chabrier; --Chopin; ---F Couperin; Debussy; Fauré; Koechlin; ---Mozart; Prokofiev; Ravel; Roussel?; SATIE; --Schubert; STRAVINSKY; ---Victoria; Baroque music; popular music
Has Influenced:  Bennett; Berkeley; Françaix; -Ibert; Rorem
Most Similar Composers:  Milhaud .40; Falla .39; Ravel .38; Tailleferre .35; Koechlin .35; Mompou .34; Berkeley .34; Martin .34; Szymanowski .33; Tansman .33; Piston .33; Barber .33; Dutilleux .31; Martinu .31; Copland .30    (15)

Praetorius, Michael (1571-1621) German; from c1592 worked in Wolfenbüttel, from 1613 also at Dresden
Style/Period:  Late German Renaissance
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music (Lutheran hymns, motets)---instrumental dance transcriptions
Notable Works:  . . . Musae Sioniae [9 part collection of Lutheran chorales, mainly for solo vv] (p1605-12), incl. 'In dulci jubilo' [motet for 8 vv or instrs. in 2 choirs] (p1607) & the sacred carol 'Es ist ein Ros' Entsprungen' (p1609) . . . Terpsichore [collection of instrumentation-unspecified instrumental dances] (p1612) 
Musical Influences:  G Gabrieli; Hassler; Lasso; Marenzio; Monteverdi; Palestrina; +Scheidt; +Schütz; Lutheran hymns; folk music
Has Influenced:  Scheidt; Schein?; Schütz?
Most Similar Composers:  Schein .52; Hassler .51; G Gabrieli .38; Schütz .38; Victoria .34; Philips .32; Sweelinck .30; Monteverdi .29; Scheidt .27; Gesualdo .26; Cavalli .24; Guerrero .24; A Scarlatti .21; Weelkes .21; Lotti .21    (10)

28. Prokofiev, Sergei (1891-1953) Russian; Paris-based 1920-36, Moscow-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Neoclassical (Expressionist) to c1935; Neoromantic (Socialist Realist) thereafter
Genre Profile:  332---3300---2203---302---32---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  important contributor to most main genres
Notable Works:  . . . Piano Conc. #2 in G minor Op.16 (1912-3, r1923) . . . Sym. #1 in D 'Classical' Op.25 (1916-7) . . . Violin Conc. #1 in D Op.19 (1916-7) . . . Piano Conc. #3 in C Op.26 (1917-21) . . . The Love for Three Oranges [opera] Op.33 (1919) . . . The Love for Three Oranges [ballet suite for orch.] Op.33a (1919, r1924) . . . String Quartet #1 in B minor Op.50 (1930) . . . Orchestral Suite from (the film) Lieutenant Kije Op.60 (1934) . . . Violin Conc. #2 in G minor Op.63 (1935) . . . Romeo & Juliet [ballet] Op.64 (1935-6) . . . Peter & the Wolf [sym. poem for narr. & orch.] Op.67 (1936) . . . 3 orchestral suites from (the ballet) Romeo & Juliet (1936/1936/1946) . . . Alexander Nevsky [suite from the film for solo v, chorus & orch.] Op.78 (1939) . . . Piano Sonata #6 in A Op.82 (1939-40) . . . Piano Sonata #7 in B flat Op.83 (1939-42) . . . Cinderella [ballet] Op.87 (1940-4) . . . War & Peace [opera] (1941-3, r1946-52) . . . Sonata for Violin (or Flute) & Piano in D Op.94 (1943-4) . . . Sym. #5 in B flat Op.100 (1944) . . . Sym. #6 in E flat Op.111 (1945-7) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano in C Op.119 (1949) 
Musical Influences:  --Beethoven; -Borodin; Debussy; Glazunov?; Glière; --Glinka?; Grieg; --J Haydn; -Liszt; Lyadov?; Miaskovsky; --Mozart?; -Mussorgsky; Rachmaninov; Reger; Rimsky-Korsakov; --Schubert?; --R Schumann; Scriabin; R Strauss?; Stravinsky; Tchaikovsky; [N Tcherepnin]
Has Influenced:  Alwyn?; [G Antheil]; Britten?; Kabalevsky; Khachaturian; Lutoslawski; -Miaskovsky?; Pärt; Piazzolla; Poulenc; Rautavaara; Schnittke; Shchedrin; Shostakovich; Tcherepnin; Tubin; Walton
Most Similar Composers:  Kabalevsky .48; Shostakovich .46; Schulhoff .44; Barber .43; Khachaturian .42; Miaskovsky .41; Ravel .40; Stravinsky .37; Glière .36; Honegger .35; Szymanowski .34; Shchedrin .32; Falla .32; Bartók .31; Schoenberg .30    (19)

15. Puccini, Giacomo (1858-1924) Italian; from 1891 mainly Torre del Lago-based
Style/Period:  Late Italian Romantic (verismo; Impressionist)
Genre Profile:  002---0000---0201---110---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known Work:  . . . Crisantemi [str qtt] (1890) . . . Manon Lescaut [opera] (1893) . . . La Bohème [opera] (1896) . . . Tosca [opera] (1900) . . . Madama Butterfly [opera] (1904) . . . Gianni Schicchi [opera] (1918) . . . Turandot [opera] (1924) 
Musical Influences:  Bizet; +Debussy; Gounod; +Lehár?; +Mascagni; Massenet; Meyerbeer?; --Mozart?; Ponchielli; +R Strauss; +Stravinsky; Verdi; Wagner
Has Influenced:  Alwyn; -Chadwick?; CILEA; Dallapiccola; -JANÁCEK; Korngold; Lehár; +[A Lloyd Webber]; MENOTTI; Moreno Torróba; Ravel?; Stravinsky?; Villa-Lobos; Wolf-Ferrari?
Most Similar Composers:  Leoncavallo .69; Giordano .64; Mascagni .63; Boito .48; Cilea .45; Ponchielli .43; G Charpentier .40; Wolf-Ferrari .37; Malipiero .30; Massenet .30; Mendelssohn-Hensel .29; Smetana .28; Griffes .27; Pizzetti .27; Bizet .27    (11)

40. Purcell, Henry (1659? - 1695) British; London-based from c1667
Style/Period:  Middle English Baroque
Genre Profile:  032---0010---2220---020---03---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  stage works & overs.---songs---chamber music---odes---anthems---solo keyboard
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & continuo] (c1675 to 1694) . . . anthems [mainly for 2-6 solo vv, chorus & org; some w/2-3 additional strings] (c1677 to 1694) . . . 22 Sonatas (in 3 & 4 Parts) [2 vlns, bass viol & continuo/keyb & continuo] (c1680) . . . Dido & Aeneas [opera] (1689) . . . King Arthur [semi-opera] (1691) . . . Hail, Bright Cecilia [secular ode for St. Cecilia's Day for 6 solo vv & 8 instrs.] (1692) . . . The Fairy Queen [semi-opera] (1692) . . . Birthday Ode (1694) . . . Te Deum & Jubilate Deo in D [6/5 solo vv & instrs.] (1694) . . . Chaconne in G minor (1942 arr. for string orch.) 
Musical Influences:  BLOW; --Byrd; Carissimi; Cavalli; Corelli; -Frescobaldi; Froberger?; [C Gibbons]; --Gibbons; -Lawes; [H Lawes]; LOCKE; Lully; -Monteverdi; --Tallis?; [G Vitali]
Has Influenced:  +++Bliss; +++Britten; [W Croft]; Handel; +++Holst; +++Nyman; +++Tippett; +++[P Townshend]
Most Similar Composers:  Blow .55; Locke .44; Handel .39; Lawes .36; Buxtehude .33; Biber .33; Tomkins .31; Marais .30; A Scarlatti .28; MA Charpentier .27; Stradella .26; Lully .26; Bononcini .25; F Couperin .24; Vivaldi .24    (18)

Quantz, Johann Joachim (1697-1773) German; Berlin-based from c1741
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Best Known For:  flute (chamber combs., concs.)
Notable Work:  . . . Flute Conc. #161 in G [fl, strings & basso-continuo] (d?) 
Musical Influences:  Albinoni; [F Gasparini]; Handel?; [JG Pisendel]; Tartini; Telemann; VIVALDI
Has Influenced:  CPE Bach; WF Bach?; [F BENDA]; -[Frederick the Great]; Hasse?
Most Similar Composers:  CPE Bach .50; Leclair .45; Tartini .29; Fasch .29; WF Bach .28; Martini .25; Sammartini .23; Vivaldi .23; Telemann .22; JS Bach .22; Gluck .22; Heinichen .21; Marcello .20; K Stamitz .20; Handel .20    (9)

24. Rachmaninov, Sergei (1873-1943) Russian-American; mainly U.S.-based from 1918
Style/Period:  Late Russian Romantic
Genre Profile:  302---3000---0122---300---01---230
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---syms.---symphonic poems and other vocal- & choral-orchestral & orchestral pcs---songs
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1890-1916) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in F sharp minor Op.1 (1890-2, r1917) . . . Prelude #1 in C sharp minor [pf] Op.3 no.2 (1892) . . . Piano Conc. #2 in C minor Op.18 (1900-1) . . . Sonata for Cello & Piano in G minor Op.19 (1901) . . . 23 preludes [pf] Opp. 23/32 (1901-3/1910) . . . Sym. #2 in E minor Op.27 (1906-7) . . . Piano Conc. #3 in D minor Op.30 (1909) . . . The Isle of the Dead [sym. poem] Op.29 (1909) . . . Vocalise [wordless v & orch.] Op.34 no.14 (1912, r1915) . . . The Bells [sym. poem/choral sym. for 3 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.35 (1913) . . . Vespers (All-Night Vigil) [2 solo vv & chorus] Op.37 (1915) . . . Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini [pf & orch.] Op.43 (1934) . . . Symphonic Dances [orch.] Op.45 (1940) 
Musical Influences:  Arensky; Borodin; -Chopin; -Dargomïzhsky; Grieg; Liszt; Mascagni?; +Medtner?; --Paganini; Rimsky-Korsakov; Rubinstein; -R Schumann?; Taneyev; TCHAIKOVSKY; RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH MUSIC; Russian folk music
Has Influenced:  Alwyn; -Beach; Howells; Kabalevsky; Medtner; Miaskovsky?; Prokofiev; Shchedrin?
Most Similar Composers:  Glière .41; Scriabin .41; Balakirev .39; Arensky .38; Sinding .38; Medtner .38; MacDowell .38; Borodin .36; Glazunov .36; Cui .34; Rubinstein .33; Mussorgsky .33; Granados .33; Barber .32; Beach .32    (18)

Raff, (Joseph) Joachim (1822-82) Swiss-German; Wiesbaden-based 1856-77, thereafter Frankfurt-based
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic (New German school)
Best Known For:  piano (solo, w/orch.)---syms.
Musical Influences:  Berlioz?; Chopin; Liszt; MENDELSSOHN; R Schumann; Wagner
Has Influenced:  -Liszt?; MacDowell; R Strauss; Tchaikovsky
Most Similar Composers:  Gade .63; Rubinstein .57; Gottschalk .53; Balakirev .53; Moszkowski .52; Svendsen .50; Sinding .48; Wolf .47; Scriabin .47; Smetana .46; Fibich .45; Borodin .44; Grieg .43; Paderewski .43; Lyadov .43    (48)

86. Rameau, Jean-Philippe (1683-1764) French; Paris-based from c1722
Style/Period:  Late French Baroque
Genre Profile:  020---0000---0020---030---33---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---ballets---solo harpsichord---chamber music---sacred motets
Notable Works:  . . . Pièces de Clavecins (3 books) [hpschd] (p1706-31), incl. no.20, 'Tambourin' . . . Hippolyte et Aricie [opera tragédie] (1733, r1742) . . . Castor et Pollux [opera tragédie] (1737) . . . Dardanus [opera tragédie] (1739, r1744) . . . 5 Pièces de Clavecin en Concert [hpschd, vln (or fl) & viol (or vln)] (1741) . . . Pygmalion [ballet] (1748) 
Musical Influences:  Bononcini?; -Cavalli; F Couperin; +Handel; LULLY; +D Scarlatti; Italian opera; French chamber music
Has Influenced:  CPE Bach; WF Bach?; ++Berlioz?; Boismortier; Boyce; ++Chausson; ++Debussy; +++Dukas; Gluck; Grétry?; ++Indy; Jommelli; Leclair; +++Messiaen; +++Roussel; D Scarlatti; Tartini; -Telemann
Most Similar Composers:  Lully .51; Lalande .48; Marais .43; F Couperin .41; Clérambault .35; Leclair .34; MA Charpentier .33; L Couperin .29; JS Bach .28; Galuppi .28; Handel .28; Legrenzi .24; Purcell .24; Hasse .24; Marcello .23    (13)

Rautavaara, Einojuhani (1928-2016) Finnish; Helsinki-based from 1957
Style/Period:  incorporates diverse stylistic influences in a modernist Mystical/Neoromantic fashion
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---choral music
Notable Work:  . . . Cantus Arcticus [conc. for birds & orch.] Op.61 (1972)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Berg; -Debussy; Hindemith; Messiaen; --Mussorgsky; Prokofiev; Shostakovich; Stravinsky; folk music; serialism; sounds of nature
Has Influenced:  [K Aho]
Most Similar Composers:  Zwilich .46; Kokkonen .38; Tower .38; Tubin .35; Larsson .35; Rochberg .34; Bennett .34; Holmboe .33; Husa .32; Leighton .32; Montsalvatge .31; Alain .29; Nørgård .29; Bliss .29; Crumb .28    (15)

20. Ravel, Maurice (1875-1937) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Impressionist (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  033---3200---2223---300---32---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---orchestral arrs. of piano works---ballets---chamber music---songs---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . Pavane for a Dead Princess [pf] (1899; orch. arr. 1910) . . . Jeux d'Eau [pf] (1901) . . . String Quartet in F (1902-3) . . . Shéhérazade [song cycle for solo v & orch.] (1903) . . . Alborada del Gracioso (from the pf suite 'Miroirs') (1905; orch. arr. 1918) . . . Introduction et Allegro [harp, fl, cl & str qtt] (1905) . . . Rapsodie Espagnole [orch.] (1907-8) . . . Gaspard de la Nuit [3 poems for pf] (1908) . . . Mother Goose Suite [pf 4 hands] (1908-10) . . . Daphnis et Chloé [ballet/'symphonie chorégraphique'] (1909-12) . . . Mother Goose [ballet after the pf suite] (1911) . . . Valses Nobles et Sentimentales [pf] (1911; orch. arr. 1912) . . . Suite #2 from (the ballet) Daphnis et Chloé [orch.] (1913) . . . Piano Trio in A minor (1914) . . . Le Tombeau de Couperin [pf suite] (1914-7; orch. arr. 1919) . . . La Valse ['poème chorégraphique' for orch.] (1919-20) . . . L'Enfant et les Sortilèges [opera] (1920-5) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano (1923-7) . . . Tzigane ['rapsodie de concert' for vln & pf (or vln & orch.)] (1924) . . . Boléro [ballet] (1928) . . . Piano Conc. in D 'For the Left Hand' (1929-30) . . . Piano Conc. in G (1929-31) 
Musical Influences:  Albéniz; --Beethoven?; Borodin; CHABRIER; --Chopin; ---F Couperin; Debussy; FAURÉ; +Gershwin; Grieg; Liszt; Massenet; --Mozart; Mussorgsky; Puccini?; Rimsky-Korsakov; Saint-Saëns; Satie; Schoenberg?; R Schumann; R Strauss; +Stravinsky; jazz; Spanish/Andalusian music
Has Influenced:  +Adams; -Albéniz; Alwyn; +Andriessen; Auric; Badings; Barber?; Bartók; Bax; BERKELEY; Blacher?; Bliss; Bloch; Bowles; Bridge; Britten; Canteloube; Carpenter; Casella; Castelnuovo-Tedesco; Chávez; Clarke; Copland?; Creston; Dallapiccola; -Debussy; Diamond; DURUFLÉ; Dutilleux; Enescu; Falla; Françaix; Gerhard; Gershwin; Griffes; Grofé?; -Holst; Howells; Ibert; Ireland; Jolivet; -Jongen; Kabalevsky; Khachaturian; -Koechlin?; Kraft; Lutoslawski; Maderna; Martin; Martinu; Messiaen; Mompou; Montsalvatge; Moreno Torróba; Piazzolla; -Pierné; Piston; Poulenc; Respighi; Revueltas; Rodrigo; Rorem; -Roussel; -Schmitt?; Schuller?; Szymanowski; Tailleferre; Tansman; Tubin; Turina; -Vaughan Williams; Villa-Lobos; Walker?; Walton; -Zemlinsky?; jazz
Most Similar Composers:  Debussy .52; Fauré .46; Prokofiev .40; Janácek .39; Poulenc .38; Schmitt .36; Koechlin .35; Moszkowski .35; Falla .35; Ibert .35; Granados .34; Roussel .34; Stravinsky .34; Chausson .33; Milhaud .33    (23)

82. Reger, Max (1873-1916) German
Style/Period:  Late German Romantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  002---2210---2222---232---00---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  solo organ & solo piano---orchestral pcs---chamber music---works for solo string instr.---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Fantasia & Fugue on B-A-C-H [org] Op.46 (1900) . . . Variations & Fugue on an Original Theme in F sharp minor [org] Op.73 (1903) . . . Variations & Fugue on a Theme of J.A. Hiller [orch.] Op.100 (1907) . . . Psalm 100 in D [chorus, org & orch.] Op.106 (1908-9) . . . Variations & Fugue on a Theme of Mozart [orch.] Op.132 (1914) . . . Fantasia & Fugue in D minor [org] Op.135b (1916) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS BACH; --Beethoven; BRAHMS; -Chopin; Debussy; Liszt; --Mendelssohn; --Mozart; [H Riemann]; -R Schumann; R Strauss; Wagner; Wolf; Baroque music
Has Influenced:  Enescu?; KA Hartmann; HINDEMITH; Honegger; Karg-Elert; [A Merikanto]; Prokofiev; -Rheinberger?; [M Rózsa]; Schoenberg; SCHULHOFF; Sowerby?; Szymanowski; Webern; Weill?
Most Similar Composers:  Rheinberger .58; Reinecke .48; Sinding .48; Parry .48; Dohnányi .46; Pfitzner .46; Guilmant .42; Stanford .42; Franck .41; Gade .41; Raff .41; Fauré .41; Beach .40; Busoni .39; Mahler .39    (38)

Reich, Steve (1936-) American; mainly New York-based
Style/Period:  Minimalist
Genre Profile:  012---0012---2212---002---01---12x
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  small ensemble pcs (espec. featuring percussion/percussive effects and/or solo instr(s). recorded on magnetic tape)---mixed-media works
Notable Works:  . . . Drumming [2 wordless vv, piccolo & small perc ensemble] (1970-1) . . . Clapping Music [2 performers: handclaps] (1972) . . . Music for 18 Musicians [4 women's vv & instrs.] (1976) . . . Electric Counterpoint [one live & 12 pre-recorded guitars] (1987) . . . The Cave [mixed-media opera] (1991-2) 
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Bartók; Cage?; [J Coltrane]; -Debussy; ---Pérotin; Riley; -Satie?; Stravinsky; AFRICAN DRUMMING; jazz; gamelan music; EAST ASIAN MUSIC; Hebrew chant
Has Influenced:  ADAMS; Andriessen; [B Eno]; -Ligeti; Nyman; Tan?; rock music; 'New Age' music
Most Similar Composers:  Glass .43; Monk .39; Berio .34; Kraft .33; Riley .33; Takemitsu .32; Stockhausen .32; Andriessen .31; Ligeti .31; Henze .30; Harbison .29; Xenakis .29; Kagel .29; Martin .28; Boulez .27    (17)

Reicha, Anton [Antonin, Antoine] (1770-1836) Bohemian-French; Paris-based from 1808
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Best Known For:  wind quintets & other chamber music featuring wind instrs.
Notable Works:  . . . 24 wind quintets Opp. 88/91/99/100 (1811-20) 
Musical Influences:  -JS Bach; Beethoven; Cherubini; Gluck; Grétry; -Handel?; J HAYDN; Méhul?; Mozart
Has Influenced:  Adam; Beethoven; Berlioz; -Danzi; Flotow; Franck; Liszt; Meyerbeer?; Schubert; Smetana?; Thomas?; Vieuxtemps?
Most Similar Composers:  Cherubini .54; Méhul .54; Viotti .46; Boieldieu .46; Carulli .45; Clementi .44; Spontini .42; Mayr .40; Krommer .38; Weber .35; Hummel .35; Rossini .35; Dussek .33; Schubert .33; Beethoven .33    (22)

Reinecke, Carl (1824-1910) German; Leipzig-based from 1860
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic (Neoclassical)
Best Known For:  chamber music---lieder---concs.
Notable Work:  . . . Sonata for Flute & Piano 'Undine' Op.167 (c1885) 
Musical Influences:  Beethoven?; +Brahms; MENDELSSOHN; --Mozart; R SCHUMANN; Wagner
Has Influenced:  Chadwick?; Grieg?; Karg-Elert; Sullivan?
Most Similar Composers:  Rheinberger .51; C Schumann .49; Reger .48; Berwald .45; Taneyev .42; Gade .42; Goldmark .41; Mendelssohn-Hensel .39; Pfitzner .39; Foote .39; Parry .36; Raff .36; Franz .36; Lalo .35; Wolf .35    (18)

Respighi, Ottorino (1879-1936) Italian; Rome-based from 1913
Style/Period:  Late Italian Romantic (Neomedieval)
Genre Profile:  013---2202---1102---120---22---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  orchestral suites & symphonic poems---songs---ballets---operas---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . The Fountains of Rome [sym. poem] (1914-6) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano in B minor (1916-7) . . . Ancient Airs & Dances [3 suites for orch.] (1917/1923/1931) . . . La Boutique Fantasque [ballet] (1919) . . . The Pines of Rome [sym. poem] (1923-4) . . . The Birds [suite for small orch.] (1927) . . . Three Botticelli Pictures [suite for chamber orch.] (1927) . . . Roman Festivals [sym. poem] (1928) 
Musical Influences:  Bruch; Debussy; ---Monteverdi; Ravel; RIMSKY-KORSAKOV; R STRAUSS; Medieval plainchant/Gregorian chant; Renaissance & Baroque music
Has Influenced:  Castelnuovo-Tedesco?; Hanson; [J Williams]
Most Similar Composers:  Pizzetti .42; Bartók .32; Dukas .32; Carpenter .32; Orff .29; Malipiero .29; Mascagni .29; Kodály .27; Barber .27; Canteloube .26; Debussy .26; Rodrigo .26; Harris .26; Castelnuovo-Tedesco .26; Grofé .25    (10)