Anth 335 Old World Prehistory
Dr. Darlene Applegate
Spring 2008
Review Materials for Final
Exam (Exam 4)
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT STUDY GUIDE
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
What is a craft industry?
When is the date for the earliest archaeological evidence for craft
industries?
What were the major craft industries?
What is terra cotta?
What types of objects were made from terra cotta?
What are the characteristics of and what is the popular interpretation
for female terra cotta
figurines?
What two types of seals were used?
What materials were used to manufacture seals?
What motifs decorate the seals?
For what purposes were seals used?
What materials were used to manufacture bangles?
For what purposes were bangles used?
What is significant about the site of Balakot, Pakistan?
What two writing systems were used and which has/have been deciphered?
When were the two writing systems used?
What are the characteristics of hieroglyphic writing?
When were the two phases of urbanism, and with what regions are
they
associated?
What explanations have been offered for why urbanism developed
during
each
phase?
What are the levels in the settlement hierarchy for the early
phase of
urbanization?
Where are most early cities located?
What were the primary building materials used to construct
structures
in
cities?
How did early Indian cities differ from other Old World cities?
What are the common components of planned cities?
What are common forms of monumental public architecture in this culture
area?
Examples of planned cities in Indus Valley: Mohenjo-daro, Harappa.
IMAGE IDENTIFICATIONS
Be able to identify the type of
artifact, the civilization with which it is associated, and/or the
culture area.
planned city (Figures 11.2 and 11.3)
square seal
button seal
terra
cotta - female figurine
TEXTBOOK MATERIAL (Chapter 11)
Who excavated Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan?
Harappa civilization:
What are the beginning and ending dates?
How did Early Harappa differ from Mature Harappa? How did Mature
Harappa differ from Mesopotamia?
What do we know about Harappa trade activities?
What do we know about the sites of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa?
What major cultural changes happened in the Indian subcontinent
after the decline of the Harappa civilization?
SOUTHEAST ASIA STUDY GUIDE
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
What is a mandala?
What is the time range for mandalas?
What are the three unique characteristics of mandalas?
What was the first mandala? the best documented mandala?
What forms of monumental public architecture are characteristic of
this
culture area?
What are common features of stone temple-mausoleums?
What were the functions of stone temple-mausoleums?
What is the symbolism expressed in the stone temple-mausoleums?
What is significant about the site of Angkor Wat?
What three types of hydraulic systems were constructed?
What was the function of each type of hydraulic system?
What is a linga?
What was the significance of the linga?
What are the characteristics of linga sanctuaries?
What are the general characteristics of jewelry crafts?
What are the general characteristics of boat burials?
With what chiefdom-level society are boat burials associated?
IMAGE IDENTIFICATIONS
Be able to identify the type of
artifact, the civilization with which it is associated, and/or the
culture area.
stone
temple-mausoleum
Angkor
complex including barays and central tower complexes
Angkor Wat (Figure 11.10)
linga
boat
coffin
TEXTBOOK MATERIAL
(Chapter 11)
What is the archaeological reconstruction for the origins of complex
society in Southeast Asia?
What is significant about Funan?
What do we know about the Angkor state (dates, development/origins,
cultural traits, collapse)?
What do we know about the site of Angkor?
CHINA STUDY GUIDE
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
What forms of monumental public architecture are characteristic of
this
culture area?
Consider how scapulimancy, ancestor worship, and writing were
interrelated.
What craft industries are characteristic of China?
What types of bronze objects are characteristic?
Who controlled the bronze metallurgy craft in China?
When did bronze metallurgy develop?
What is hang tu / stamped earth / rammed earth?
How was hang tu used (for what functions)?
Where were walls constructed?
What materials were used to construct walls?
Why were walled compounds and cities constructed?
What is scapulimancy?
What was the function of scapulimancy?
How was scapulimancy practiced and by whom?
What are the characteristics of the Chinese writing system?
How were early texts recorded (what materials)?
When did the writing system develop?
What are the characteristics of royal burials?
What are the characteristics of Shihuangdi's royal burial?
IMAGE IDENTIFICATIONS
Be able to identify the type of
artifact, the civilization with which it is associated, and/or the
culture area.
Great
Wall
oracle bone (Figure 11.6)
bronze (Figures 11.7 and 11.9)
jade
silk
lacquer
ware
porcelain
terra
cotta armies
chariot burials (Figure 11.8)
TEXTBOOK MATERIAL
Chapter 6
- How many main types of domesticated rice are there, and in what
four parts of Asia was rice domesticated?
- Along what two Chinese river valleys did early agriculture
develop?
- Who were the Yangshao?
Chapter 11
- Who established the Chinese civilization (2698 BC)?
- What was the first dynastic Chinese civilization (1766-1122 BC)?
- Who unified China (221 BC)?
- What is significant about the sites of Ao, Anyang, and Xiao-tun?
- What do we know about the burial place of Shihuangdi?
PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
SAMPLE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Compared to most cities in other Old World culture
areas, Indian cities were planned. All of the following are
characteristics of planned cities in the Indian subcontinent except
A. north-south grid
system for street layout.
B. enclosure by mud brick or stone walls.
C. uniform and standardized housing.
D. municipal water and sewage systems.
E. absence of monumental public architecture.
2. Early states in southeast Asia are referred to as
mandalas. What was the earliest mandala?
A. Funan
B. Angkor
C. Dvaravati
D. Pyu
E. Champa
3. Typical features of stone temple-mausoleums
included all of the following except
A. banyons.
B. moats.
C. barays.
D. entry structures.
E. central tower(s).
4. A form of monumental public architecture
in southeast Asia was hydraulic systems, which included
A. canal systems used
to drain marshes for agricultural fields and to transport water to
agricultural fields.
B. barays to link inland sites with coastal sites.
C. barays to defend settlements.
B. moats to provide drinking water.
E. All of these are correct.
5. Scapulimancy in ancient China
A. was a form of
divination that involved reading vein patterns in animal livers.
B. was used to communicate with the gods of the
underworld.
C. was practiced exclusively by elite members of
society.
D. developed as early as about 2500 BC.
E. All of these are correct.
6. Early Chinese writing
A. was used by
members of all social classes in Chinese society.
B. was used primarily for economic purposes.
C. included about 3000 phonetic, pictographic, and
ideological characters.
D. was recorded primarily on leather hides, pottery
vessels, and stone sculptures.
E. All of these are correct.
7. Which of the following statements about
diagnostic crafts in ancient China is false?
A. Silk was used to
manufacture clothing, figurines, funerary textiles, and tapestries.
B. Jade was used to manufacture sculptures, vessels,
and funerary objects.
C. Lacquerware was used to manufacture musical
instruments.
D. Porcelain, a high-quality form of ceramics, was
used to manufacture soldiers and other statues buried in the graves of
emperors.
E. Both C and D are false.
8. True or False: Female
figurines recovered from sites in the Indian subcontinent suggest the
existence of a fertility cult or a mother goddess religion.
9. True or False: The hieroglyphic writing system used in the Indian
subcontinent was used between 2600 and 1200 BC; the phonetic script was
used after about 700-600 BC.
10. True or False: Archaeologists contend that the early phase of
urbanism was related to iron metallurgy and industrialization, while
the later phase was related to protecting citizens from external
pressures or natural disasters like floods
11. True or False: The southeast Asia
culture
area includes the present-day countries of eastern Myanmar (Burma),
northern Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines,
North Korea, and South Korea.
12. True or False: A linga is a
phallus-shaped stone sculpture that symbolized the essence of the
mandala and its overlord in southeast Asia.
13. True or False: Although soils were
fertile and river systems provided water for irrigation, the uneven
terrain in many parts of China made farming difficult.
14. True or False: Bronze metallurgy, an industry
closely controlled by the Chinese state, was used to manufacture ritual
vessels, food containers, and jewelry.
Click here for answers to practice
questions
Return to Old World
Prehistory
Home Page
Visit the Western Kentucky University
Home
Page, Western Online
Page composed by Darlene Applegate, darlene.applegate@wku.edu
Last updated on April 28, 2008
All contents copyright (c), 2008. Western
Kentucky
University.
