Python – online courses: https://training.enthought.com/ (apply for free academic license)
Python – a tutorial: https://docs.python.org/3.10/
Numpy – n-D array for large datasets: http://www.numpy.org/
Xarray – n-D labeled arrays and datasets in Python: http://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/
Matplotlib – all about plotting: http://matplotlib.org/
Cartopy – making geographical maps: https://scitools.org.uk/cartopy/docs/latest/
MetPy – Geosciences Community Analysis Tools: https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/metpy/
PyNIO/PyNGL – specialized atmospheric data visualization: http://www.pyngl.ucar.edu/

Example Meteorological Data:

Formats: ASCII text, CSV, GRIB, NetCDF, HDF, binary, etc.

GFS global 0.5 degree analysis (GRIB2) http://thredds.ucar.edu/thredds/catalog.html
NARR data (GRIB) https://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/data/narr/
Storm Events Data (CSV) https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/
Hurricane Best Track Data (CSV): https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/
Sounding Data IGRA (TEXT): https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/weather-balloon/integrated-global-radiosonde-archive
Surface METAR (NetCDF): http://thredds.ucar.edu/thredds/catalog/nws/metar/ncdecoded/files/catalog.html
WRF model output (NetCDF):
Radar data (GRIB2): http://thredds.ucar.edu/thredds/idd/radars.html

Example animation of hurricane precipitation (GPM data: 264 half-hourly precipitation for Hurricane Zeta, 2020-10-24 12:00 to 2020-10-29 23:30 UTC ):