Anth 375 Paleoanthropology: Human Origins
and
Evolution
Dr. Darlene Applegate
Spring 2004
Review Material for Exam 3
(Final)
Study Guide
Practice Questions
STUDY
GUIDE
TAXA
For each species you need to know the the time period and geographic
location (regions of each continent, not individual countries).
- Homo erectus (early and late)
- Homo heidelbergensis
- Homo antecessor
- Homo neandertalensis
- Homo floresiensis
- Homo sapiens (anatomically modern humans)
SITES AND FOSSILS
For specific fossil specimens, know why each is significant (most
are type specimens). For other sites, know what species it is
associated with and why it is significant (e.g., Mojokerto is oldest
fossil evidence of Homo
erectus).
- Lake Mungo, Australia: Mungo 1, Mungo 3
- Trinil, Java: Trinil 2
- Mojokerto, Java
- Zhoukoudian, China
- Dali, China: Specimen 1
- Mauer, Germany: mandible
- Feldhoffer Cave, Germany: Specimen 1
- Drachenlock, Germany
- Krapina, Slovenia
- Divje Babe I, Slovenia
- Cro-Magnon, France: CM 1
- Lascaux, France
- Atapuerca, Spain: ATD 6-69
- Zafarraya, Spain
- Shanidar, Iraq: Shanidar 1, Shanidar 4
- Bodo, Ethiopia
- Herto, Ethiopia
PEOPLE
What significant discoveries or research projects are credited to
each
of these individuals?
- Eugene Dubois
- Davidson Black
- Marcellin Boule
- Karl Gorjanovic-Kramberger
- Ralph Solecki
- Lewis Binford
- Peter Brown
- Michael Morwood
- Tim White
LISTS AND CONCEPTS
- time ranges for each species
- ancestral traits retained in late Homo species
- unique neandertal physical traits
- physical differences among Classic, Progressive, and Middle
Eastern neandertals; how are they distinguished?
- cultural developments associated with each species, including
specific
tool types associated with each species
- differences among Levallois, Mousterian, and blade tool
technologies
- intentionality evidence for neandertal burials
- explanations for decline of neandertals
- replacement and regional continuity hypotheses
READINGS
- Chapter 13
- possible phylogeny for late Homo (Figure 13.1)
- "firsts" behaviors
- current developments in the study of meat use, hunting and
scavenging
- Chapter 14
- two scenarios for the evolution of Homo; also think about
possible relationships to the two models for the origins of
anatomically modern humans
- multiregional and single-origin (replacement) models and fossil
evidence
- multiregional and single-origin (replacement) models and
genetic evidence
- multiregional and single-origin (replacement) models and
archaeological evidence
- integrated model of human origins
- possible explanations for brain expansion in humans
- conclusions about origins of human language
- Homo floresiensis
article
- physical charac
- possible evolutionary origins/mechanisms, including favored
interpretation and discredited interpretations
PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What is significant about the site of Drachenlock,
Germany?
A. The oldest wooden
spears associated with Homo
neandertalensis were found there.
B. Evidence of a cave bear cult associated with Homo neandertalensis was
found there.
C. It yielded the type specimen for Homo neandertalensis.
D. William King’s initial description of Homo neandertalensis was
based on skeletal remains from the site.
E. Blade tools associated with Homo neandertalensis were
recovered there.
2. Which of the following explanations for the
decline/extinction of the neandertals assumes they were a subspecies of
anatomically modern humans?
A. demographics
B. disease
C. war
D. outcompetition
E. interbreeding
3. What do the sites of Bodo and Krapina have in
common?
A. They are sites
where humans were intentionally buried.
B. They are the sites where the oldest fossil
evidence of a particular human species was recovered.
C. They yielded evidence of defleshing.
D. They yielded evidence of possible art and personal
ornamentation.
E. They are sites where the type specimens of two
species were recovered.
4. What famous site has yielded the skeletal remains
of at least 40 individuals, over 100,000 stone tools and animal bones,
and evidence of the controlled use of fire?
A. Zhoukoudian, China
B. Boxgrove, England
C. Terra Amata, France
D. Cro-Magnon, France
E. Divje Babe I, Slovenia
5. Which species is associated with blade tools,
pottery, ground-stone tools, and religion?
A. Homo erectus
B. Homo
heidelbergensis
C. Homo
antecessor
D. Homo
neandertalensis
E. Homo
sapiens
6. True or False: The oldest musical instrument
was recovered from the neandertal site of Divje Babe I, Slovenia.
7. True or False: Stone tools used by
neandertals
include Mousterian, Levallois, blades, and Aterian types.
8. True or False: The only human species
known
to have buried the dead are Homo
neandertalensis and Homo sapiens.
9. True or False: The type specimen
for Homo sapiens is E687 from Kabwe, Zambia.
10. True or False: Levallois and Mousterian stone
tools are prepared core tool technologies that produced uniform flake
tools.
11. Recent fossil discoveries of Homo sapiens at
Herto, Ethiopia were made by _____________ .
12. The time range for Homo antecessor is
___________ .
13. The type specimen for Homo erectus is
___________ .
14. The easternmost fossils of neandertals were
recovered from the site ___________ .
15. The oldest human skeletal evidence from Australia is
from the site ____________ .
Click here for answers to the
practice
questions.
SHORT- AND LONG-ANSWER ESSAY QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the replacement and regional continuity
theories as they relate to the phylogenetic relationships among late Homo
species.
2. Evaluate the naming of the new species Homo floresiensis.
3. Discuss possible phylogenetic relationships among
late Homo species.
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