1.    Which of the following statements about races is false?

a.     The traditional approach to racial classification is based on phenotype.
b.     Skin pigmentation, nose shape, lip shape, hair type, and intelligence are soft tissue traits used to define phenotypic races.
c.     Blood proteins and blood groups are hard tissue traits used to define phenotypic races.     [soft tissue]
d.     Phenotypic races are problematic biological constructs because there is considerable overlap among the races in the expression of many phenotypic traits.
e.     Phenotypic races are problematic biological constructs because some individuals have traits that are diagnostic of two or more races.

2.    Any response to environmental stresses that improves an organism's chance of survival is a/an

a.     adaptation.
b.     acclimatization.
c.     hypoxia.
d.     endemic.
e.     pandemic.

3.    Irreversible, hereditary biological responses to environmental stresses that operate on the population level are

a.     physiological adaptations.
b.     developmental adaptations.
c.     genetic adaptations.
d.     behavioral adaptations.
e.     cultural adaptations.

4.    All of the following are both physiological and developmental adaptations to hypoxia except

a.     enlarged chest cavity.
b.     increased pulse rate.
c.     increased red blood cell size and number.
d.     increased hemoglobin.
e.     increased number of capillaries.

5.    True or False:    The three races most commonly identified by physical anthropologists are Caucasoid, Negroid, and Haploid [Mongoloid].
 

6.    True or False:    The traditional approach to classifying humans is based on populations [races].
 

7.    True or False:    There are no documented human developmental adaptations to heat stress and cold stress.
 

8.    True or False:    Physiological and developmental adaptations are nonhereditary biological responses to environmental stresses that operate on the individual level, but developmental responses may be reversible or irreversible while physiological adaptations are reversible.
 

9.     Polytypic  variation is differences among or between populations, while  polymorphic  variation is differences within populations.
 

10.    Melanin  is the pigment with the greatest influence on an individual's skin color.
 

11.    High altitude stress develops in humans at elevations in excess of  2500  meters above sea level.
 

12.   In terms of its causes, malaria is an example of a/an  infectious  disease.