You must cite anything that is not common knowledge, anything that you don't know without looking up, anything that you paraphrase from a source, and anything that you quote directly from a source.
Use in-text parenthetical citations in American Anthropological
Association style, as illustrated
below.
Note placement of all punctuation, especially the period at the end of the sentence in relation to quote marks and parentheses. Also note that verbs are past tense.
To cite the course lectures, use Applegate (2007). To cite the
textbook, use the guidelines below with "Mielke et al." as the authors.
CITING PRIMARY SOURCES
For quotes, give the author's last name, date and page number and include quotation marks:Sentence ... (LastName Year). Sentence ... (Gould 1996).
- citations at the end of a sentence:
- citations within a sentence:
According to LastName (Year), ... . According to Gould (1996), ... .
LastName (Year) argued that ... . Gould (1996) argued that ... .
- citations at the end of a sentence:
" quote " (LastName Year:Page). " quote " (Gould 1996:23).
- citations within a sentence:
As LastName (Year:Page) noted, "quote." As Gould (1996:23) noted, "quote."
LastName (Year:Page) stated "quote." Gould (1996:232) stated "quote."
CITING SECONDARY SOURCES
For quotes, give the original author's last name, date and page number in addition to Gould's information, and include quotation marks:Sentence ... (LastName Year as cited in Gould 1996).
- citations at the end of a sentence:
- citations within a sentence:
According to LastName (Year as cited in Gould 1996), ... .
LastName (Year as cited in Gould 1996) argued that ... .
- citations at the end of a sentence:
" quote " (LastName Year:Page as quoted in Gould 1996:23).
- citations within a sentence:
As LastName (Year:Page as quoted in Gould 1996:45) noted, "quote."
LastName (Year:Page as quoted in Gould 1996:117) stated "quote."