The lab midterm exam covers the bones and features of the human skeleton. The following bones, features, siding, and related information are particularly relevant in forensic investigations, so the exam will focus on the following information.

The lab midterm exam will consist of specimens arranged at individual work stations. Each student will be given a set amount of time (about one minute) to examine the specimens at each station before rotating to another station. You need to be prepared to work quickly in identifying the specimens! You will not be able to go back and re-examine specimens when time runs out.

It is very likely that some of the specimens will be incomplete (e.g., distal end of humerus).

As on the previous lab assignments, SPELLING COUNTS on the lab midterm exam.


BONES AND FEATURES

GROUP	BONES	FEATURES	SIDING
skull	frontal parietal temporal occipital mandible maxilla zygomatic	zygomatic process zygomatic arch external auditory meatus    mastoid process supraorbital ridge eye orbit nasal cavity nasal spine nuchal ridge gonial angle ascending ramus	no
vertebrae	atlas axis distinguish among cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, & lumbar vertebra	body spinous process transverse process	not relevant
pelvic girdle	os coxa / innominate:  pubis, ilium, ischium sacrum	obturator foramen greater sciatic notch auricular surface pre-auricular sulcus iliac crest pubic symphysis acetabulum subpubic angle ventral arc of pubis alae promontory spine	yes not relevant
thorax and shoulder girdle	sternum:  manubrium, body / gladiolus, xiphoid process clavicle scapula rib	costal pit medial end of clavicle conoid tubercle glenoid fossa/cavity sternal end of rib	not relevant yes yes no
upper limb	humerus ulna radius	nutrient foramen of all bones diaphysis of all bones head of humerus medial epicondyle lateral epicondyle olecranon fossa/foramen olecranon process lunate surface coronoid process radial tuberosity	yes yes yes
lower limb	femur tibia fibula patella	nutrient foramen of all bones diaphysis of all bones head of femur greater trochanter lesser trochanter linea aspera medial condyle of femur lateral condyle of femur medial condyle of tibia lateral condyle of tibia none none	yes yes no yes

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