EXAM INFORMATION

• The lab final will be administered during the scheduled final exam time on Tuesday, May 6. The lab final will be given from 8:00-9:00 am and the lecture final will be given from 9:00-10:00 am.  There will be NO EARLY OR MAKEUP EXAMS FOR THE LAB PORTION.
  

• Each student must bring a calculator and a pencil for the exam.

• Unless indicated below, data tables and figures (e.g., dental wear stages, stature formulas, long bone metrics for sex determination) will be provided to each student. Do not memorize these data tables!

• There will be about 12-20 stations. Each student will have one-two minutes at each station.
  

TAPHONOMY

• Be able to identify rodent gnawing.

• Be able to identify carnivore gnawing.

• Be able to identify calcite deposition.

• Be able to identify manganese deposition.

• Be able to identify iron deposition.
  

• Be able to identify freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycling.

RACE DETERMINATION

• Be prepared to measure and calculate the following skull indices. You will need to know these formulae.
  

• cranial index
• total facial index
• nasal index

• Be prepared to evaluate the following non-metric indicators of race, which will be provided in table format for you to circle/fill-in as we did on Lab 10.

• sagittal contour
  
• skull keeling
• metopic suture
• wormian bones
• nasal cavity shape
• nasal overgrowth
• nasal sill
• lower nasal spine
• central incisors
• ascending ramus shape
• ascending ramus projection
  

• Be able to determine the sex of a specimen based on the following pelvic metric and nonmetric traits, which will be provided in table format for you to circle/fill-in as we did in lab. You may have a complete os coxa and/or you may have pubis bone casts.
  

• ventral arc
• public body width
• subpubic angle
• greater sciatic notch
  
• auricular surface
• preauricular sulcus

• Be able to determine the sex of a specimen based on the following skull nonmetric traits, which will be provided in table format for you to circle/fill-in as we did in lab.

• supraorbital ridge
• eye orbit edge
• chin shape
• cranial bossing
• zygomatic process
• mastoid process

• Be able to determine the sex of a specimen based on measuring the following long bone metric traits.

• femur head maximum diameter
• femur bicondylar width
• humerus vertical head diameter
• humerus transverse head diameter
• humerus epicondylar width
• humerus maximum length
  

• Be able to estimate the age of an individual based on the pattern of dental eruption.

• Be able to estimate the age of an individual based on the pattern of dental wear.

• Be able to estimate the age of an individual based on the pubic symphysis.  (You will have figures, not casts, to use.)

• Be able to estimate the age of an individual based on epiphyseal fusion.
  

• Be able to estimate the potential or living stature of an individual (in cm, not feet/inches) based on the length of the long bones. You will need to know the living stature formula.
  

• Be able to distinguish among antemortem trauma, perimortem trauma, and postmortem trauma.

• Be able to distinguish complete and incomplete fractures.

• Be able to distinguish incised and stab sharp-force traumas.
  

• Be able to distinguish entrance and exit gunshot wounds.

• Be able to distinguish carbonized and calcined burned bones.

• Be able to distinguish wear-and-tear osteoarthritis, traumatic osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

• Be able to identify dental caries and abscesses.

• Be able to identify periostitis and osteomyletis.