WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY









                   How To Do Research Papers on
                    African-American Studies

                                by

                         Donna L. Gilton
                              (1985)










                            Revisions

                                by

                          Andy Stanford
                              (1991)
                                        


              I.  FIND SOME TOPIC IN THIS FIELD THAT
                          INTERESTS YOU

     Read, skim and browse through these sources to determine
current issues in the field.  Then decide on several topics that
would be of interest to you.  Many of these sources include
introductory essays, subject terms and citations.
                     A.  Handbooks and Guides
1.   The Black American Reference Book.  Ref. E 185 .D25 1976
     Introductory essays on almost all aspects of Black Studies
     including the legal status of the Black American, the Black
     American worker, the Black family, the Black woman, young
     Black Americans, Afro-American religion, Afro-Americans in
     politics, Black literature, music and art, etc.  Essays are
     by people outstanding in their respective fields.  Each
     essay is followed by a brief bibliography.  This source is
     especially recommended for researcher and students who do
     not know where to begin.

2.   International Library of Afro-American Life and History.
     Ref. E 185.6 .W4 1978x
     A ten volume work on many aspects of Black history.  One
     volume, Historical Afro-American Biographies, contains
     essays on Black historical figures.

3.   The Negro Almanac:  A Reference Work on the Afro-American.
     Ref. E 185  .N385 1983
     Essays, statistics and other data on all aspects of Black
     studies, including history, civil rights, law and politics,
     studies of the Black population, the Black family and the
     Black worker, education, the military, sports, the arts and
     the sciences, the media, religion and many other subjects. 
     There is also information on African countries as well as on
     Black people in the western hemisphere.  This volume
     includes biographical information on a number of individuals
     as well as a directory of organizations.  This is an
     important first to consult for introductory information on
     any aspect of Black studies and for current data.

4.   The Negro Handbook.  Ref. E 185 .E2
     Sections on population, vital statistics, civil rights,
     crime, education, libraries, the economy, government and
     politics, the armed forces, religion, the professions, farms
     and farming, sports, creative arts, the press and monuments. 
     There is also a biographical dictionary and obituaries. 
     There is information here in the form of statistics,
     directories and essays.  however, since the book is almost
     twenty years old, it is very dated.  Much of the information
     here can be found in other sources.  However, a good deal of
     the data here is of historical interest and some of it has
     not been recorded elsewhere at all.  Use supplement with
     other sources.

5.   The Negro in American History.  Ref. E 185 .N4
     A documentary history of Black America.  Volume I covers the
     years 1928-1968, volume II, 1854-1927 and volume III,
     156701854.


                     B.  Current Periodicals

     These sources include many articles on current aspects of
Afro-American studies.  Browse through some of them if you are
still unsure of your topic.

1.   Black Academy Review 1970-1972  Helm 2

2.   Black American Literature Forum 1976-  Helm 2

3.   Black Enterprise 1970-  Helm 2

4.   Black Law Journal 1972-1974  Law Library

5.   Black News Digest 1971-1981  Cravens 7

6.   Black Politician 1969-1971  Helm 2

7.   Black Scholar 1969-  Helm 2

8.   Black World 1970-1976  Helm 2

9.   Blues World 1971-  Helm 2

10.  CLA Journal 1975-  Helm 2

11.  Chicago Defender current issues  Helm 2

12.  Civil Rights Digest 1967-1979  Cravens 7

13.  Commerce, The Journal of Minority Business 1981-  Cravens 7

14.  Crisis 1910-1940; 1969-  Helm 2

15.  Ebony 1964-  Helm 2

16.  Interracial Books for Children 1977-  Helm 2

17.  Jet current issues only  Helm 2

18.  Journal of Black Psychology 1979-  Helm 2

19.  Journal of Black Studies 1970-  Helm 2

20.  Journal of Negro Education 1932-1958; 1960-1984  Helm 2

21.  Journal of Negro History 1916-  Helm 2

22.  Living Blues 1970-1975  Helm 2

23.  Minority Voices 1981-  Cravens 7

24.  Negro American Literature Forum 1970-1976  Helm 2

25.  Negro History Bulletin 1937-1948; 1951-  Helm 2

26.  Phylon 1940-  Helm 2

27.  Review of Black Political Economy 1976-  Helm 2

28.  Southern Exposure 1974-  Helm 2

                     C.  Lists of Periodicals

1.   Black Periodicals and Newspapers.  Ref Z 1361 .W59 1979
     This is a library union list of Black periodicals and
     newspapers held by selected Wisconsin libraries.

2.   Guide to Scholarly Journals in Black Studies.  Ref. Z1361   
     .N39 G83
     This is a publication guide for scholars in Black studies. 
     Twenty-six journals are described and there is also valuable
     information on the major differences between the most
     important style manuals and on how to submit manuscripts. 
     Periodical entries include background information, general
     information on content, submission information and
     subscription information.

3.   Katz.  Magazines for Libraries.  Ref Z 6921 .N2 1982 p. 49-
     54.  At reference desk.
     Includes an annotated list of Afro-American periodicals.

4.   Newspapers and Periodicals By and About Black People:
     South-Eastern Library Holdings.  Ref. Z 1361 .N67 1978
     This is a library union list of Black magazines owned by
     southern libraries.  This enables the researcher to locate
     periodicals not owned by Western Kentucky University, in
     order to acquire copies of articles through interlibrary
     loan.

5.   Schockley, Ann Allen.  "A Descriptive Bibliography of
     Selected African and Afro-American Periodicals."  Handbook
     of Black Librarianship.  p. 143-152.  Ref. Z 711.9 .H35
     An annotated bibliography of major African and Afro-American
     periodicals.

6.   The Standard Periodical Directory.  Ref. Z 6951 .S78
     1983/1984 At reference desk.
     A list of periodicals, reports, directories, newsletters and
     other serials of Black and African interests (Section 1980)
     as well as related serials in history (0970), political
     science (1780), sociology (2070) and other fields of
     specific interest.

7.   Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory.  Ref. Z 6941
     .U5 1984  At reference desk.
     Includes an international list of periodicals of ethnic
     interest.  (Vol. I p. 597-616)

                D.  Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

1.   The National Cyclopedia of the Colored Race.  Ref. E 185
     .N27
     An encyclopedia of prominent Black individuals, schools,
     churches and organizations of the early twentieth century. 
     Of historical interest.

                     E.  Statistical Sources

1.   American Statistics Index.  Cravens 7  Index Table 2
     An annual master guide and index to the statistical
     publications of the U.S. government.  This is published in
     two volumes, the index volume and the abstract volume.  The
     index volume is organized by subject, name of organizations
     and category breakdown which includes geographic area,
     economic breakdowns, such as income, industry and occupation
     and demographic breakdowns, including race.  Each citation
     in the index volume includes the name of the document and a
     number which is used to locate the document.  Documents in
     the abstracts volume are in numerical order by agency and by
     type of document.  Each document is thoroughly annotated. 
     The first place to come when looking for government
     statistics.

2.   Atlas of Demographics.  Atlas G 1201 .E2 I5 1982 On atlas
     stand I
     Includes a map of the U.S. which shows the percentages of
     Black population in countries.

3.   Bureau of the Census Catalog 1984 Cravens 7 Reference shelf
     C 3.163/3 : 984
     This source lists all Bureau publications and annotates all
     works released in recent years.  The Eureau publishes
     population, housing, business and economic statistics that
     are national, state-wide, county-wide, and local in scope. 
     Many of these statistics are broken down by race. 
     Information on where to find or how to order material is
     included.

4.   County and City Data Book.  Cravens 7 Ref. Shelf C 3.134 : 
     C83/2/983
     A supplement to the Statistical Abstracts of the United
     States.  This presents a variety of statistical information
     for countries, SMSAs, cities and unincorporated areas.  many
     of these statistics are on local and regional Black
     populations.  Examples include the countries in the U.S.
     with the highest proportion of Afro-Americans; percentages
     of Black populations in the major cities; Black populations
     in states and regions; Black population in counties and
     other areas.

5.   Current Population Reports.  U.S. Bureau of the Census
     Cravens 7 C 3 . 186
     Current population statistics, mostly on the U.S. as a
     whole.  This comes in five series.  Series P-20 is about
     population characteristics in general, P-23 consists of
     special studies on specific populations such as Afro-Americans, P-25 documents are population estimates and
     projects, P-26 documents are local population estimates and
     P-60 consists of consumer income studies of specific
     populations.  Examples of reports that are of interest to
     Black studies students are:  Housing Successions Among
     Blacks and Whites in Cities and Suburbs.  (C 3.186 : P-23/101) ; The Social and Economic Status of the Black
     Population in the United States:  An Historical View 1790-1978.  (C 3.186 : P-23/80) and Population Estimates by Race,
     For States : July 1, 1973 and 1975.  Many of the other
     statistics in all of these series are broken down by race. 
     For more information, ask for Subject Index to Current
     Population Reports (C 3.186 : P-23/109 Reference shelf) and
     the United States Bureau of the Census Current Population
     Reports P-20, P-23, P-25, P-26, P-60 (Reference shelf.  C
     3.186 : P-23/109).

6.   Demographics of the Black Population in the United States:
     An Annotated Bibliography.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 M6 1983
     This is a valuable source of non-governmental statistics on
     Afro-Americans and explanations of demographic trends. 
     There is an introductory essay that explains the
     implications of Black demographics and that suggest some
     areas of future research.

7.   Employment and Earnings.  Cravens 7 LZ 41/2 (current issues
     on Government Documents periodicals shelf)
     Current employment and unemployment statistics.  Some of the
     data is broken down by race.

8.   Handbook of Labor Statistics.  LZ 3/5 : 985 (On Government
     Documents reference shelf)
     Employment, unemployment, earnings and statistics.  Some of
     this data is broken down by race.  Statistics include school
     enrollment.

9.   State and Metropolitan Area Date Book.  Cravens 7 (On 
     reference shelf) C 3 134/5 : 982
     Statistical information on Standard Metropolitan Statistical
     Area, (SMSAs), central cities and regions, divisions and
     states.  The information is similar to that in the County
     and City Data Book.

10.  Statistical Abstract of the United States.  (Cravens 7. 
     Also at reference desk.)  Annual.
     This is the most comprehensive compilation of industrial,
     social, political and economic statistics for the United
     States.  This data is arranged by broad category, i.e.
     population, education, communication, etc.  Many of these
     statistics are broken down by race.

11.  Statistical Sources.  Ref. Z 7551 .S84
     This subject guide includes sources of statistics on the
     Black population and on minority races.

12.  U.S. Bureau of the Census - Factfinder for the Nation. 
     Cravens 7 C 3.252:
     A monthly newsletter with clear and detailed descriptions of
     the Bureau of the Census statistics.  The December 1982
     issue is a good introduction to and overview of the census
     bureau's program and products.  Other issues describe
     minority statistics (June, 1979), reference sources
     population statistics and availability of census records
     about individuals.  The source on minority statistics
     describes how data is gathered and used, the types of
     statistics collected and the source of the statistical
     reports.

13.  U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.  Minority
     Owned Business Enterprises 1977.  Cravens 7 C 3.258 : 77-
     An extensive statistical survey of minority owned firms. 
     Volume I is on business owned by Afro-Americans, Volume II
     is on business owned by people of Spanish origin, Volume III
     is about businesses owned by Asian-Americans, Native
     Americans and others and Volume IV is a summary of the
     entire set.  Statistics for Black-owned firms are by
     industry, region and state and SMSA.  Information includes
     the number of firms in any category, gross receipts the
     number of employees and the annual payroll.

14.  U.S. Department of Labor.  Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
     Special Labor Force Report.  LZ .98
     Specialized labor statistics.  Many of these statistics are
     broken down by race.  Examples of reports of interest to
     Black studies students are Employment and Unemployment: 
     Today; School and Work Among Youth During the 1970's;
     Multiple Jobholders in May 1979; and Labor Force Patterns of
     Single Women.

                   F.  Biographical Information

1.   Afro-American Encyclopedia Vol. 1-10.  Ref. E 185 .A28
     In spite of the fact that there is some general information
     here, this is mainly a biographical encyclopedia that
     features brief biographical descriptions of noteworthy Afro-Americans from all fields.  This source contains entries on
     people who may otherwise be difficult to locate.

2.   Biography Index.  Ref. Z 5301 .B5
     This source indexes biographical information found in
     periodicals and books.

3.   Biography and Genealogy Master Index.  Ref. Z 5305 .U5 B57
     1980 On index table IV
     this source refers the researcher to other biographical
     sources.  Many names are included.  This is a very good
     place to look for obscure names or for people who are
     difficult to find.

4.   Black Americans in Autobiography.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 B67 1984
     An annotated bibliography and union list of Black
     autobiographies and autobiographical books.  There is a
     separate list of reprints of works that were originally
     written before 1865.

5.   Civil Rights Struggle:  Leaders in Profile.  Ref. E 185.96
     .D38
     Biographical information on civil rights leaders, civil
     rights opponents and other prominent people of that time.

6.   Current Biography.  Ref. CT 100 .C8 1979
     On index table IV
     Extensive biographical essays of people who are currently in
     the news.  Many Afro-Americans are covered in this source,
     but it is necessary to use the index to locate specific
     people.  Articles are followed by references.

7.   Dictionary of American Negro Biography.  Ref. E 185.96 .D53
     1982
     Extensive biographical essays on Black achievers of he past
     many of whom are not well known.  Some of these essays
     include bibliographic information.

8.   Great Negroes Past and Present.  Ref. 185.96 .A4 1964
     Brief biographical essays on prominent Afro-Americans.

9.   In Black and White.  Ref. Z1= 1861 .N39 S6555 1980           
     An index to biographical information on Black people.  there
     is a brief description of each person listed and then a
     listing of the reference books and the periodicals articles
     where information about the person can be found.  Some
     people not found elsewhere are listed here.

10.  Index to Black Writers in Collective Bibliographies.
     Ref. Z 1229 .N39 C35 1983 On index table IV
     This source gives information on biographies of writers that
     are in biographical anthologies.  There is an emphasis here
     on late twentieth century writers, though many others are
     included.  This is an excellent source of hard-to-find data.

11.  The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Biography.  Ref. CT
     103 .M27 1973x
     A number of prominent Afro-Americans of the past and present
     are described in this 12 volume set (See volume 12- The
     American History Study Guide p. 7-27.)  Each essay is
     followed by suggestions for further reading.

12.  Who's Who Among Black Americans.  Ref. E 185.96 W52
     1975/76/77/78/80/81.
     A biographical directory of prominent Afro-Americans who are
     still active


                          G. Directories

1.   The Black Woman in American Society.  Ref. Z 1361 . N39 D36 
     See section II B  Bibliographies.

2.   A Directory of Ethnic Publishers and Resource Organization.
     Ref. E 184 .Al S57 1979
     A directory of minority organizations that publish.  Entries
     include the organization's name, address and telephone
     numbers, a statement of the organization's major purpose or
     emphasis and a description of publications.  There is a
     classified index at the end of the volume.

3.   Ethnic Heritage Studies:  Program Catalog 1974-1979.
     Ref. Z 1361 .E4 M33
     A directory of ethnic studies projects funded by the Ethnic
     Heritage Studies Program.  Entries include information on
     the name and address of the organization involved, the name
     of the project director, the ethnic groups studied, subject
     areas, the intended audience or grade level, format of
     material produced, the year funded, the amount of funding, a
     listing of publications or productions and a descriptions of
     activities, products, and publications.  This is a good
     source for elementary, secondary or college teachers looking
     for materials on ethnic studies.

4.   Josey, E.J. and Ann Allen Schockley.  Handbook of Black
     Librarianship.  Z711.9 .H35
     This source includes directories of African collections in
     the U.S., Black special libraries, library holdings on Afro-American collections, major Black oral history programs,
     Afro-American museums and historical societies, Black
     library schools, public libraries that serve predominantly
     Black communities, Black academic libraries, Black=owned
     bookstores and Black book publishers.

5.   Minority Organizations:  A National Directory.  Ref. E 184
     .Al M544 1982
     An alphabetical listing of Black American, Native American,
     Asian-American, and Hispanic oriented organizations.  Each
     entry includes the name and address of the organization as
     well as a brief description.

6.   Wynar, Lubomyar and Lois Buttlar.  Guide to Ethnic Museums
     Libraries and Archives in the United States.  Ref. E 184 .Al
     W95
     A directory of libraries, cultural centers, bibliographic centers, museums, historical associations, foundations, and
     other organizations for Afro-Americans and other ethnic
     groups.  There is also a brief, but very helpful
     bibliographic essay at the beginning of the Black American
     section on other sources of information.
                                 
                   II.  DO A LITERATURE SEARCH

     This will narrow down the topics that interest you to one 

subject and further define this subject.  Look for both general 

writings and research in these sources.

              A.  Periodicals Indexes and Abstracts

1.   Abstracts in Anthropology  Helm 2

2.   Abstracts in Popular Culture  Helm 2

3.   Abstracts in Criminology and Penology  Helm 2

4.   Abstracts on Police Science  Helm 2

5.   America.  History and Life  Helm 2

6.   Art Index  Helm 2

7.   Book Review Digest Ref.  Index table II

8.   Book Review Index Ref.  Index table II

9.   Business Periodicals Index  Helm 2

10.  Chicorel Theatre Index to Plays Ref.  Index Table I

11.  Chicorel Theatre Index to Plays in Periodicals Ref.  Index
     Table I

12.  Chicorel Index to Poetry Ref.  Index Table I

13.  Chicorel Index to Short Stories Ref.  Index Table I

14.  Child Development Abstracts and Biblography  Helm 2

15.  Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Care  Helm 2

16.  Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE)  Helm 2

17.  Education Index  Helm 2

18.  Essay and General Literature Index Ref. Index Table I

19.  Granger's Index to Poetry Ref.  Index Table 1

20.  Hospital Literature Index  Helm 2

21.  Humanities Index  Helm 2

22.  Index to Book Reviews in the Humanities  Helm 2

23.  Index to Free Periodicals  Helm 2

24.  Index to Journals in Communication Studies  Helm 2

25.  Index to Legal Periodicals  Law Library

26.  Language and Language Behavior Abstracts  Helm 2

27.  Library Literature  Helm 2

28.  MLA International Bibliography  Ref. Index Table I

29.  Music Index  Helm 2

30.  The New York Times Index  Helm 2

31.  Ottermiller's Index to Plays in Collections  Ref. Index
     Table I

32.  The Philosopher's Index  Helm 2

33.  Play Index  Ref. Index Table I

34.  Poverty and Human Resources Abstracts  Helm 2

35.  Psychological Abstracts  Helm 2

36.  Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS)  Reference

37.  Religion Index One:  Periodicals  Helm 2

38.  Resources in Education (RIE)  Helm 2

39.  RILA Abstracts of Music Literature  Helm 2

40.  Sage Public Administration Abstracts  Helm 2

41.  Sage Race Relations Abstracts  Helm 2

42.  Sage Urban Studies Abstracts  Helm 2

43.  Short Story Index  Ref. Index Table I

44.  Social Sciences Index  Helm 2

45.  Social Work Research and Abstracts  Helm 2

46.  Writings on American History  Helm 2

                        B.  Bibliographies
         General Bibliographies, Catalogs and Union Lists

1.   Bibliographic Index.  Ref. Z 1002 .B595  On Index Table I 
     Indexes mainly bibliographies of books and articles even
     though some separate bibliographies are included.  Look
     under the terms "Blacks" "Afro-Americans" and "Afro-American 
          ."  As well as "see also" references to more specific 
     terms.  A good source to find bibliographies on specific
     subjects.

2.   Bibliographies Survey:  The Negro in Print.  Ref. Z 1361
     .N39 N39
     This bibliographic periodical was published several times a
     year by the Negro Bibliographic and Research Center in
     Washington D.C.  It was published in the years 1965-1971. 
     Issues included reviews of current Black-related fiction and
     non-fiction published for the general reader as well as
     books for young readers, paperbacks and other information. 
     Some reviews of materials on other minority groups are also
     included.  Volumes end with author and title indexes.

3.   Bibliography of American Ethnology.  | 1361 .E4 C37
     Brief annotated bibliographies of ethnic groups including
     Afro-Americans.  The Afro-American bibliography is the
     largest in the volume.  It is organized by subject.

4.   Black Access:  A Bibliography of Afro-American
     Bibliographies Ref. Z 1361 .N39 N578 1984
     An alphabetical listing of Black studies, bibliographies,
     ect.  There is a subject index which provides access to
     specialized bibliographies.

5.   Black America:  A Research Bibliography.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39
     1978.
     An introductory annotated bibliography on all aspects of
     Black studies.

6.   Black American Writers.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 M39
     This is an annotated bibliography and union list of Afro-American fiction and non-fiction writers active in the years
     1773-1949.  The emphasis here is on the non-fiction writer. 
     This work is organized in chapters by subject.  A very
     useful guide to locate early scholarly work by Black
     authors.

7.   Black Culture Collection.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 B5x
     A xeroxed reproduction of the Atlanta University catalog on
     Black culture.

8.   Blacks in America.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 B56
     An important book of biographical essays on all aspects of
     Black life up to 1970.  After reading sources such as The
     Black American Reference Book (Ref. E 185 .D25 1976) and The
     Negro Almanac (Ref. E 185 .N385 1983) and after deciding on
     a topic, this is a vital work to consult about other
     sources.  This bibliography gives some subject background
     and then critically analyzes and compares the sources under
     consideration.

9.   Chandler, Sue P. "A Selected Annotated List of Reference
     Books Reflecting the Black Experience."  Handbook of Black
     Librarianship.  p. 143-142.  Ref. Z 711.9 .H35
     An annotated bibliography on basic Afro-American reference
     tools for the public, high school, and college library.

10.  Dictionary Catalog of the Arthur B. Springarn Collection of
     Negro Authors.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 H78
     A book catalog of the Springarn collection of Howard
     University which, along with the Schomber Collection in New
     York, is one of the biggest collection of Afro-Americana in
     the U.S.

11.  Directory of Afro-American Resources.  Ref. Z1361 .N39 R3
     A directory of libraries, agencies and organizations that
     collect Black study materials.  This source is in
     alphabetical order by state, city and then organization. 
     Entries include the name, address, and telephone number of
     the institution, the name of a contact person and, in some
     cases, names and brief descriptions of specific collections. 
     This is a very useful source in locating papers, manuscripts
     and other rare historical materials.

12.  Ethnic Heritage Studies:  Program Catalog 1974-1979.  Ref. Z
     1361 .E4 M3
     See section I G Directories

13.  Johnson, Harry A. (ed.) Ethnic American Minorities.  Ref E
     184 .A1 J58
     An annotated bibliography of books, multimedia and other
     educational materials on ethnic minorities for the secondary
     school student and his teacher.  Each section includes an
     extensive essay summarizing the history of the minority
     group under discussion and describing the cultural and
     educational needs of young people from these groups.

14.  Josey, E.J.  Handbook of Black Librarianship.  Ref. Z 711.9
     .H35
     This handbook includes several bibliographical essays on
     African and Afro-American studies as well as articles on how
     to procure materials from Africa and how to establish Afro-American collections.

15.  Miller, Wayne Charles.  A Comprehensive Bibliography for the
     Study of American Minorities.  Ref. Z 1361 .E4 M529 (2
     vols.)
     Extensive annotated bibliography on all ethnic groups.  Vol.
     I is about ethnic groups of African, Middle Eastern and
     European descent.  Vol. II is about groups of Caribbean and
     Asian descent, as well as Native Americans and Hispanic
     Americans.  The Afro-American bibliography includes
     bibliographies, guides to collections, encyclopedias and
     handbooks, periodicals, including journals of historical
     interest and the title and location of individual
     newspapers, history books, and books on the civil rights
     movements, Black nationalism, sociology, education, the
     urban situation, economics, politics, psychology, health and
     many other subjects.

16.  Minorities and Women:  A Guide to Reference Literature in
     the Social Sciences.  Ref Z 136l  .E4 S3x
     Brief annotated bibliographies of fact books, biographical
     sources, documentary sources, directories, statistical
     sources and citation sources on racial minorities and on
     women.

17.  Multi-Ethnic Media:  Selected Bibliographies in Print. 
     Ref. Z 1361 .E4 M85
     This is a bibliography of bibliographic essays and
     bibliographies on racism in children's books and materials
     and resources on minority groups for children, young people
     and teachers who work with the young.  The entries are
     annotated.

18.  The Negro in America:  A Bibliography Ref. Z1361 .N 39 M5
     1970
     An extensive bibliography on all aspects of Black studies. 
     Brief annotations are included for some sources.  This
     source ends with a useful guide to further research.  A good
     work to use for sources of more information once a research
     topic is decided upon.

19.  The Negro in the United States:  A Research Guide.  Ref. Z
     1361 .N39 W4 1965
     This is a good general introduction to Black life and
     history (at least up to 1965).  It describes, compares, and
     analyzes basic historical sources in the field and gives
     brief overviews of subjects as well.  It should be used as
     background reading in conjunction with more current sources.

20.  The Negro in the United States:  A Selected Bibliography
     Ref. Z1361 .N39 P59
     A selected general bibliography of the most cited and most
     requested material on Black Studies that is owned by the
     Library of Congress.  Some entries include brief
     annotations.  This source is organized in chapters by
     subject.  This is another useful tool to use in obtaining
     more information on specific subjects.

21.  No Crystal Stair:  A Bibliography of Black Culture Ref.
     Z1361 .N39 N53 1971
     This bibliography for general readers was compiled by the
     staff of the New York Public Library.  It is the tenth
     edition of the ongoing bibliography The Negro in the United
     States which was first published in 1925.  Several classes
     from earlier editions are included here, but the emphasis is
     on books published in the years 1966-1970.  Brief
     annotations are included.

22.  Oaks, Pricilla.  Minority Studies:  A Selective Annotated
     Bibliography.  Ref. Z1361 .E4 024
     An annotated bibliography on minority groups.  The Afro-American bibliography which is relatively short here,
     includes bibliographical works, periodicals, books on
     history, politics, education, general culture and community
     life and literature by and about Afro-Americans.

23.  Readers Advisory Service.  Ref Z 1007 .R313 No. 8
     On index table I
     This source includes a number of bibliographies on specific
     Black sources.  There is a cummulative index in Vol. 7
     number 4 (1980), as well as annual indexes in subsequent
     volumes.

24.  Wynar, Lubomyer and Lois Buttlar.  Ethnic Film and Filmstrip
     Guide for Libraries and Media Centers.  Ref. E 184 .Al W943
     An annotated filmography of films and filmstrips about Afro-Americans and other ethnic groups.  There is also a brief
     bibliography of additional sources of information on Afro-American films and filmstrips.


Literature, Language and Communication

1.   Afro American Fiction 1853-1976:  A Guide to Information
     Sources.  Ref. Z1361 .N39 M3x
     This source includes an alphabetical and unannotated
     checklist of novels; unannotated list of short story
     collections, both by individual authors and in anthologies;
     an annotated list of bibliographies and general studies; and
     a list of bibliographies and critical studies on Charles
     Chestnutt, Jean Toomer, Zora Neale Hurston, Richard Wright,
     Chester Himes, Ann Petry, William Demby, Ralph Ellison,
     Paule Marshall, John A. Williams, Ernest Gaines, Ishmael
     Reed, and Toni Morrison.  This later list includes brief
     annotations.

2.   Afro-American Writers.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 T78
     this is an annotated bibliography on Afro-American
     literature divided into sections on aids to research,
     background sources, literary history and criticism and Afro-American writers.  The guides to research include
     bibliographies, guides to collections, reference tools and
     specialized periodicals.  The background bibliographies list
     general sources on Afro-Americans useful to researchers in
     Afro-American literature.  Anthologies and works of literary
     criticism are also listed.  Author entries include listings
     of work by the author, bibliographies about him or her, and
     works of biography and criticism about him or her.

3.   Black American Poetry Since 1944:  A Preliminary Checklist
     Ref Z 1361 .N39 D4x
     An unannotated list of poetry by Black authors.  This
     supplements North american Negro Poets (Ref. z 1361 .n39
     p61) lists writer of poetry from 1760-1944.

4.   Black Rhetoric:  A Guide to Afro-American Communication Ref.
     Z 1361 .n39 P6
     This is a checklist and union list of Afro-American poetry
     written before 1945.  It is updated by Black American Poetry
     Since 1944:  A Preliminary Checklist.  (ref Z 1361 .N39 D4x)


Religion

1.   Afro-American Religious Studies.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 W55      
     A bibliography on every aspect of the Black religious
     experience in the U.S., as well as a source of
     bibliographies that give background information on
     indigenous and Christian religions in Africa.

2.   Black Women and Religion Ref. Z1361 .n39 R53
     An annotated bibliography of literature, music, art and
     general books, articles, audiovisual materials and reference
     materials on Black women and religion.

The Young, the Old, Women and Families

1.   American Black Women in the Arts and Social Sciences.  Ref.
     Z1361 .N39 R324 1977
     A list of reference books, anthologies, literature and
     historical, social and cultural studies on Black women. 
     There are also listings of books and other works by and
     biographies and criticisms of individuals.

2.   Black and Mexican American Aging:  A Selected Bibliography
     Ref. Z 1361 .N39 R324 1977
     Brief unannotated bibliographies of publications, papers,
     dissertations, and government documents on Black and Chicano
     aging.  there is also a brief bibliography on other
     bibliographies.

3.   Black Child Development in America 1927-1977.  Ref. Z 1361
     .N39 M94
     Extensive and thoroughly annotated bibliographies on the
     language, physical, cognitive, personality and social
     development of Black children.  There is a critical
     introductory essay describing controversies in the field.

4.   Black Children and Their Families.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 D898
     An extensive bibliography on Black family life.  Listed are
     books and articles on adoption, education, health and health
     care, family life, life in the Black community, mental
     health and sex, contraception and family planning, as well
     as a "kaledescopic view".  Other bibliographies and
     reference are included.

5.   The Black Family in the United States.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39
     D355
     An annotated bibliography of books, articles, and
     dissertations on many aspects of U.S. Black family life,
     including slavery, religion, occupations, economics,
     education, health, and sex.  Sections are devoted to urban
     and rural families as well as poor, lower-class and middle
     class families.


History

1.   Afro-American History:  A Bibliography.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39
     S56
     An annotated bibliography on all eras in Black history up to
     1975.  There is an index to more specific subjects.

2.   Afro-American History Volume II Ref. Z 1361 .N39 S56 v.2
     This is an update of Afro-American History:  A Bibliography
     that includes more recent abstracts of the period up to 1975
     and some abstracts of developments since then.

3.   Black Contributions to the American West.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39
     A27
     A bibliography and union list of all aspects of Afro-American life in Montana, wyoming, New Mexico, Idaho,
     Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Washington, Oregon,
     California, Alaska, and Hawaii

4.   Blacks in Minnesota:  A Preliminary Guide to Historical
     Sources.  Z 1361 .N39 T27
     This is brief bibliography on all aspects of Black history
     in Minnesota.  Oral interviews, manuscripts, and some books
     are annotated and there is also information on photographs
     of notable Afro-Americans and buildings important in Black
     Minnesota history.

5.   A Layman's Guide to Negro History.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 S23
     1967
     A chronology and bibliography on Black history.  There are
     bibliographies on specific periods, such as pre-Civil War
     America; specific subjects such as social and economic
     aspects of Black history; and on specific media information
     such as records, film strips and critical materials.

6.   The Ohio Black History Guide.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 055

     Printed materials, dissertations, theses, manuscripts,
     government records and audiovisual materials on Black life
     and history in Ohio.  Manuscript and government entries are
     annotated.


Social Sciences


1.   Black-White Racial Attitudes.  ref. Z 1361 .N39 028
     This is an annotated bibliography on racial attitudes in
     children, young people and adults.  There is a brief
     introductory essay as well as author and subject indexes.

2.   The Economics of Minorities.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39 G26 1976x
     An annotated bibliography on economics and members of racial
     minorities.  Most of this work is on Afro-American but there
     are also chapters on Native Americans, and Spanish
     Americans.  The Afro-American chapters are on the quality
     and economic returns of black education; Black migration;
     residential housing markets; economic development of the
     Black community; Black consumers; how the manpower policies
     of the business community affect Afro-Americans and the
     labor movement and the government.

3.   Poverty, Participation, Protest, Power and Black Americans.
     Ref. Z 1361 .M39 D9
     An annotated bibliography of Black social work and activism.

4.   The Study and Analysis of Black Politics.  Ref. Z 1361 .N39
     W29
     An unannotated bibliography of Black people and political
     activity, major political parties, national elections,
     international politics, urban politics, public roles, and
     the Supreme Court.  There are also bibliographies on Black
     pressure groups and politicians and Black political behavior
     and political thought.  There is an introductory essay of
     Black politics and each chapter opens with a brief overview.

                          C. COM Catalog

     Many titles on Afro-American subjects and more specific
topics are listed in the subject section of the COM catalog. 
There are several ways to get subject headings.

1.   Experiment - Think up a subject term yourself or draw some
     from the literature.  If nothing is listed under that term,
     either similar terms are used or there is a "see" or "see
     also" reference.  Another approach is to start with a very
     specific term and then more general terms if the specific
     one is not listed.

2.   Library of Congress Subject Headings - Ask for this at the
     reference desk.  This source lists terms used in our catalog
     as well as related terms and call numbers.

3.   Tracings - When you find a course, check for relevant
     subject headings at the bottom of the card and use them to
     find other sources.

4.   Call Number - Look up any source you find by call number on
     the shelf.  While you are there, browse through he shelf for
     similar titles.



                       D. Online Searching

1.   To search or not to search--Doing an online search can be a 
     quick way of finding many sources on your subject.  this can
     save a great deal of time.  Some databases also have more
     information online than in printed form.  On the other hand,
     a search can be very expensive, especially if the subject is
     very complex.  there is also no guarantee that you will get
     a good deal of relevant data in your results.  It is best to
     have a search done when you are trying to combine two or
     more subjects or aspects of subjects that are not readily
     available in a printed database.  Multidisciplinary searches
     can also be done on a number of databases, but this can be
     very expensive.

2.   Information available online that is relevant to Afro-American studies
     a.   citations and in some cases, whole articles.
     b.   statistics
     c.   other information

3.   Databases relevant to Afro-America studies that can be
     searched online
     a.   America:  History and Life
     b.   Biography Master Index
     c.   BLS Employment, Hours, and Earnings
     d.   Cerdata
     e.   Donnelly Demographics
     f.   ERIC
     g.   Family Resources
     h.   Magazine Index
     i.   MLA Bibliographies
     j.   PAIS International
     k.   Psychinfo


Revisions Fall 1991 by Andy Stanford, graduate assistant,
Department of History, WKU.

Bergman, Peter.  The Chronological History of the Negro in  America, Ref. E 185.B46

Encyclopedia of Black America, ed. W.A. Low, Ref. E 185.E55

Adler, Mortimer, van Dorn, Ducas, eds. The Negro in American History, Three Volumes, ref. E 185.N4

Garwood, Alfred.  Black Americans; A Statistical Sourcebook, 1990
     edition, Ref. E. 185.5 .B5x

Smith, Darren.  Black Americans Information Directory 1990-1991, Ref. E. 185.5 .B513

Statistical Record of Black America, Ref. E 185.5 .S73x.

Cantor, George.  Historic Landmarks of Black America, Ref. E 185.53 Al C36.

U.S. Bureau of Census, Negroes in the U.S. 1920-1932, Ref. E 185.6 .U5853

Ianniello, Lynne. Milestones Along the March; 12 Historic Civil  Rights Documents from World War II to Selma Ref. E. 185.61
                                                                 I2

Rabinowitz, Howard.  Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction
     Era, Ref. E 185.92 .S68.

African Heritage Bibliography ref. Z 1361 .N39 A275x

The Black Experience:  A Bibliography of Bibliographies 1970-1975
     Ref. Z 1361 .N39 B67

Black Adolescence:  Current Issues and annotated Bibliography,   Ref. Z 1361 .N39 B495

Black Immigration and Ethnicity in the United States Ref. Z 1361 .n39 B553

Blacks in America Ref. Z 1361 .N39 B56

Brignano, Russell.  Black Americans in Autobiography Ref. z 1361 .N39 B67

The Black Aged in the U.S., Ref. Z 1361 .N39 D354

Davis, Nathaniel. Afro-American Reference, Ref. Z 1361 .N37

Dunmore, Charlotte. Poverty, Participation, Protest, Power, and  Black Americans, Ref. Z 1361 .N39 D9

Walton, Hanes.  Study and Analysis of Black Politics, Ref. z 1361
     .N39 W29

Williams, Ora, American Black Women, Ref. Z 1361 .N39 W56

A Bibliography of the Negro in Africa and America, Ref. Z 1361 .N39 W 8 



Western Kentucky University, Libraries Update,4 (Fall 1991): 1-2.

   Ethnic and Cultural Diversity In America: An Overview of Resources in
University Libraries

     Our ethnically diverse and multicultural society, of which the
university is a microcosm, presents unparalleled opportunities and
challenges for a university library to build useful collections that cover
a broad spectrum of interests, issues, and information for diverse
populations. Terms like "affirmative action," "quotas," "diversity," and
"multiculturalism" have shaped discussion for increasing numbers of books
and journals.  This article focuses on recent books acquired by WKU
Libraries that describe either specific American ethnic minorities or that
treat particular issues currently debated. Also, the reader will find
suggestions on how to identify other relevant works by using the online
catalog TOPCAT.

     Among major general sources are two award winners: Harvard
Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (Reference E 184 .A1 H35); and, We
the People: An Atlas of American Ethnic Diversity (atlas E 184 .A1 A479
1988), also located in the reference area.
     For specific ethnic or racial groups, the following titles merit
attention:

African Americans:
     Middle Passage by Charles Johnson, a fictional but realistic account
of the slave trade in the 1830s, won the 1990 National Book Award (PS 3560
.03735 M5 1990); Black Women in the United States History, a 16-volume set
published in 1990 (E 185.86 .B543 1990); Martin Luther King, Jr. and Civil
Rights Movement, a 14-volume series published in 1989; and The Schomburg
Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers in 25 volumes appeared in
1988. To locate additional resources on this topic on TOPCAT, key in
s=Afro-Americans.

To locate other books on more general topiccs discussing ethnic and 
cultural diversity, try  the following keyword searches on TOPCAT:

Affirmative Action            k=affirmative adj action
Multiculturalism                   k=multicultural$.ti
Cultural Diversity            k=cultural same divers$
Minorities                         k=minorit$ (generates over 100 titles)
Race Relations                k=race adj relations

Always feel free to ask a librarian for additional assistance in using  the
online catalog or the microfiche catalog to find all the material you need
for research, personal interest, or other projects.

Book titles treating general issues of cultural and ethnic diversity are:

     The Content of Our  Character: A New Vision of Race in America, 1990
(E 185.615.S723);
     Phoenix Arising: A Psycho-cultural Perspective on African American
Issues up to the 21st Century, 1990 (in process under document number
698485);
     Minorities on Campus: A Handbook for Enhancing Diversity (LC 3731
.M5574 1989);
     Achieving Quality and Diversity: Universities in a Multicultural
Society (LC 3727 .R52 1991); and,
     Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race  and Sex on Campus (LA 227
.4 .D77 1991). 

In October 1993, the Periodicals Department(non-circulating) has begun
receiving the Louisville Defender. Microfilm copies of 1951-1968 issues of
the Louisville Defender are also available.