Review for Final Exam
(PHIL 401: Spring 2007)
Aristotle and Embodied Realism

Contact: Dr. Jan Garrett

Revised: May 2, 2007

The final exam is scheduled for Monday, May 7, at 1 p.m.

Unless you choose the take-home essay option, half of the final will be objective based on the following terms, their meanings, etc., and half on essays. (I have yet to formulate all those questions. )

Cognitive Science and Embodied Realism Vocabulary

Basic-level categories/concepts Category Classical category Cognitive unconscious Complex metaphor Conventional metaphorical mapping Conceptual metaphor Direct Realism Disembodied Realism Embodied Realism Folk Theory

Ideal-type prototype Image schema Metonymy Objectivism Poetic metaphor Primary metaphor Radial Category Realism Cognitive Reality Commitment Spatial Relations Concepts Subjectivism

Aristotle terminology

Things in a subject Things said of a subject Primary substance (as understood in The Categories) Categories Demonstrative knowledge (episteme, in Post Anal) Understanding (nous, in Post Anal.) Primary things Principles in each genus Common principles Universal Induction Nature as distinct from craft (192b16-23) The different senses of nature The relativity of matter (194b8-10) Material, formal, final, and moving causes Luck Source of motion without motion (198a36-b4) A "this"

The compound (of matter and form) Soul (defined) Body (of an ensouled being) defined Potentiality First actuality Second actuality Nutritive part of soul Perceptive part of soul Desiring part of soul Locomotive part of soul Understanding part of soul How is soul a cause (3 ways) Proper object of perception Common object of perception Wax/signet ring analogy Understanding/intellect Characteristics of (passive) intellect Characteristics of (productive) intellect

II. Essays (This list is closer to being final than the previous version.)

Whichever essays you choose, do not substantially duplicate a topic on which you composed another essay for this course.

Select two essays: One of them should be from group A. The second from group B or C.

A. What light does cognitive science shed on one of the following? (Refer to the conventional metaphors and folk theories on which these philosophers rely. What metaphors, if any, are created by the philosopher?)

1. Plato's conception of the Forms and how knowledge is possible
2. Aristotle's notion of the four causes
3. Aristotle's conception of what the intellect is and how it knows reality
4. Descartes' argument that the mind is better known than the body
5. Descartes' view that the mind is completely knowable?

B. What light does cognitive science shed on one of the following? Briefly compare the cognitive science/Lakoff-Johnson position on this topic to views held by one or more pre-20th century philosophers.

1. The nature of morality
2. Our thinking about causation and events
3. Our thinking about the mind

C. Discuss: The metaphors used by (Aristotle or 20th century analytic philosophy--pick one) make it difficult if not impossible for them to appreciate the role played by conceptual metaphor\ in our thinking.