Review for Final Exam
and Instructions for Take-Home Part
(PHIL 401: Fall 2009)

Contact: Dr. Jan Garrett

Revised: December 11, 2009

The final exam is scheduled for 1-3 p.m. on Friday, December 18, 2009.

About 1/3 of the final will be objective based on the following terms, their meanings, etc., one third will be short essays as generally explained below, and one third will be devoted to a longer essay.

If you wish, you may write your essays using the take-home option.

If you choose to do your essays using the take-home option, you must deliver them to my mailbox in 300 Cherry Hall by 3:00 p.m., Wednesday, December 16th. If you live outside Bowling Green or if the road conditions make travel difficult, you may mail them to me (jan.garrett@wku.edu) as an email attachment before 3:00 p.m., Wednesday, December 16th.

Cognitive Science and Embodied Realism Vocabulary

Basic-level categories/concepts Category Classical category Cognitive Reality Commitment Cognitive unconscious Complex metaphor Conflation Conventional metaphorical mapping Conceptual metaphor Convergent Evidence Requirement Differentiation Direct Realism Disembodied Realism Duals Embodied Realism

Empirically Responsible Inquiry First-Generation Cognitive Science Folk Theory Ideal-type prototype Image schema Literal Meaning Metonymy Objectivism Poetic metaphor Primary metaphor Radial Category Realism Second-Generation Cognitive Science Spatial Relations Concepts Subjectivism

Important Folk Theories and Metaphors for Particular Philosophers and Groups of Philosophers

Short Essays. Pick, from the list, two perspectives, one from the ancient Greek philosophers and philosophical movements and one from the philosophers or movements from the period 1600-1970. In relatively short essays (say, 250-600 words each), discuss how their folk theories and metaphors (selected from the second list, unless you think you can make a case that I should have included it!) shape their thinking. Don't choose a philosopher or movement on which you wrote your third major paper.

Philosophers and Groups of Philosophers

Aristotle Descartes The Enlightenment generally Formal Analytic Philosophy Heraclitus

Kantian Ethical Thought Plato Presocratic natural philosophers in General Pythagoreans

Folk Theories and Metaphors

All-Inclusive Category Categories Are Containers Causation is Action to Achieve a Purpose Causes Are Reasons Elements Essences Essences are Causal Sources Essence Is Form Essences are Ideas Essence Is Matter Essences are Numbers Essence Is Pattern of Change Existence is Being Located Here Faculty Psychology Family of Man General Kinds Ideas are Essences Ideas are Objects Intelligibility of the World

Knowing Is Seeing Location Event-Structure Matter Is Water Meaning Mind as Body Mind is a Container Naming Perceiving is Receiving Purposes are Destinations Seeing is Touching Society of the Mind Substance and Attributes Thinking is Linguistic Activity Thinking (or Perception and Reason) is a Machinelike Process Thinking is Mathematical Calculation Thinking is Moving Thinking is Object Construction Understanding is Grasping The Will is a Child in a Strict Father Family

II. Large Essay.

Whichever essay topic you choose, do not substantially duplicate a topic on which you composed another essay for this course.

What light does cognitive science shed on one of the following? Briefly compare the cognitive science/Lakoff-Johnson position on this topic to views held by one or more "more traditional" philosophers.

A. The nature of morality
B. Our thinking about causation and events
C. Our thinking about the mind
D. The nature of metaphor. Why is mainstream philosophy is unable to appreciate the role played by conceptual metaphor in human thinking.