The chart is based on pp. 96 and 100 in Lakoff and Johnson,
Philosophy in the Flesh, 1999, chapter 7.

 

		Realism: Assumes the material world exists and we can have stable knowledge of it		Directness: There is no mind-body gap		Absoluteness: The world is a unique, absolu- ly objective structure of which we can have absolutely correct, objective knowledge		Challenges
Greek Direct Realism		Yes		Yes		Yes		C1
Cartesian Disembodied Realism		Yes		No		Yes		C2
(Analytic) Symbol- System Realism		Yes, SSR claims Realism follows from Absoluteness		No		Yes		C3
Embodied Realism		Yes		Yes		No

C1: Descartes' methodological skepticism. (not mentioned in LJ chapter 7)

C2: Berkeleyan-Humean skepticism that undermines claims for idea-object correspondence. (not mentioned in LJ chapter 7)

C3: Attempts by analytic philosophers to bridge gaps fail, including (but not limited to) the attempt to bridge the gap between symbol structures and the world.