Sociology 561

Fall 2016
W 1:15pm —  4:00pm
GH 143

Professor

Douglas Clayton Smith

Office

126 Grise Hall

Office Phone

270-745-3750

Email

douglas.smith@wku.edu

"Interactionism insists on being a humble theory, not claiming too much and not dealing with major abstractions and false dualisms. Indeed the real task of an interactionist is simply to look at social life as people ‘do things together.’; its core interests lie in the doing of ethnographies and in the intimate familiarity with ongoing social… worlds. It is a hands-on ‘down-to-earth’ empirical approach… In general, the tradition is one steeped in the exploration and inspection of data." — Ken Plummer (2003)

"The symbolic interactionist point of view requires you to take into account more things than almost any other perspective. At least, it disposes you to do your research in such a way that if anything is obviously (or not so obviously) affecting the phenomenon you want to understand, you’ll be free to take advantage of finding that out. This distinguishes it from other kinds of research which, for either theoretical or technical reasons, limit your view of what’s relevant so that you just don’t see those other factors which might be important." — Howard S. Becker (1970)

"Few other social science approaches have made so deep and explicit a commitment to complex questions. Interactionists should not stop asking those questions. Quite the contrary, to remove that complexity—to simplify interactionism—would destroy its essence." — Kevin Mihata (2002)

Course Description

This is a graduate course designed to provide depth and breadth of understanding in the sociological perspective known as symbolic interactionism. Students will read original analyses concerning the philosophical foundations of the perspective, research methods and theory construction, application to various substantive domains, and variations in theoretical expression and combinations with related perspectives. Upon completion of this course, the competent student will increase their knowledge about the symbolic interactionist perspective and its substantive contributions; improve their skills of reading, analyzing, and evaluating sociological research; and stimulate their thinking about their own research.

Course Requirements

The fundamental requirements are as follows: 

  1. Read and understand of all assigned materials for each class, 
  2. be prepared each class to discuss those materials and explore ideas contained in them, 
  3. annotate each article with a minimum of three comments, connections, questions, or insights. These will be randomly checked. Lastly, 
  4. Write three short readings-focused papers, 5-8 pages long, typed, double-spaced. In them, students will focus on the question, "What do I know and understand now that I didn't know, or misunderstood, before these readings?" This strategy makes students do what good scholars must always do; constantly explore the boundaries of ignorance and knowledge.  

Grades will be determined based on performance in these areas.

Course Outline

The literature surrounding symbolic interaction is vast. There is no way we can cover it all in just a semester. So, below is my attempt to organize a tour of this area. In selecting the readings, I have attempted to give you examples of excellent interactionist research on many interesting topics. I also have attempted to introduce you to different groups of interactionists. The purpose is to give you a conceptual scheme around which to organize your own continuing reading and interpretation fo the literature.  

Class Period

Topics and Readings

Tuesday, August 23

Introductory matters; objectives; getting organized.

Wednesday, August 31

Historical Roots and Philosophical Foundation: American Pragmatism

Required Readings:

James, William , (1904). "What Pragmatism Means".
John Dewey, "Nature, Communication, and Meaning," Chapter 5 of Experience and Nature (1929), pp. 166-207
Charles Horton Cooley, "Social and Individual Aspects of the Mind," Chapter 1 and "The Significance of Communication," Chapter 6 of Social Organization (1909), pp. 1-22, 61-65
Mead, "The Social Self" The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 10(14):374-380.
Mead, "A Behavioristic Account of the Significant Symbol" (1922) The Journal of Philosophy pp. 157-163
Mead, "Cooley's Contribution to American Social Thought," (1930) American Journal of Sociology pp. 693-706
Becker, Ernest. 1981. "From Animal to Human Reactivity." Pp. 91-95 in Social Psychology Through Symbolic Interaction, 2nd ed., edited by Gregory Stone and Harvey Farberman. New York: Wiley.
David Maines, "G.H. Mead's Theory of Time and Social Order" Chapter 2 in The Faultline of Consciousness (2001) pp. 37-54 in The Faultline of Consciousness. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine.

Wednesday, September 7

Death in the Family

Wednesday, September 14

The Chicago School -- SI Assembles

Ellsworth Faris. 1928. "Attitudes and Behavior." American Journal of Sociology 33:271-280.
Herbert Blumer. 1937. "Social Psychology." from Man and Society, edited by E. Schmidt.
W.I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki. 1927. "The Social Personality: Organization of Attitudes." from The Polish Peasant in Europe and America.
Small and Vincent. 1894. "Introduction," "The Relation of Sociology to the Special Social Sciences" and "The Organic Conception of Society." from An Introduction to the Study of Society. New York: American Book Company
Robert Park. 1927. "Human Nature and Collective Behavior." American Journal of Sociology 32:733-741.
Robert Park. 1928. "Human Migration and the Marginal Man." American Journal of Sociology 33:881-893.
Herbert Blumer. 1966. Sociological Implications of the Thought of George Herbert Mead." American Journal of Sociology 50(5):353-359.
David R. Maines, Jeffery C. Bridger, and Jeffery T. Ulmer. 2001. "Consequential Distortions of Park's Theory of Human Ecology." pp. 69-95 in The Faultline of Consciousness. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine.

Paper 1 Due September 16

Wednesday, September 21

Iowa, Indiana, and Structural Symbolic Interaction

Melzer and Petras. 1970. "The Chicago and Iowa Schools of Symbolic Interactionism." 
Dan Miller. 2011. "Toward a Theory of Interaction: The Iowa School." Symbolic Interaction 34(3):340-348.
Manford Kuhn and Thomas S. McPartland. 1954. "An Empirical Investigation of Self-Attitudes." American Sociological Review 19(1):68-76.
Dan E. Miller, Robert A. Hintz, and Carl Couch. 1975. "The Elements and Structures of Openings." The Sociological Quarterly 16(4):479-499.
Carl Couch. 1984. "Symbolic Interaction and Generic Sociological Principles." 
Sheldon Stryker and Peter Burke. 2000. "The Past, Present, and Future of Identity Theory." Social Psychological Quarterly 63(4):284-297.
Alicia Cast. 2003. "Power and the Ability to Define the Situation." Social Psychology Quarterly 66(3):185-201.
Peter J. Burke. 2004. "Identities and Social Structure: The 2003 Cooley-Mead Award Address." Social Psychology Quarterly 67(1):5-15.

Wednesday, September 28

Research Methods

Herbert Blumer. 1931. "Science Without Concepts."American Journal of Sociology 36(4):515-533.
Herbert Blumer. 1956. "Sociological Analysis and the 'Variable'" American Sociological Review 21(6):683-690.
Turner and Schutte. 1981. "The True Self Method for Studying Self Conceptions."
Michael Katovich, 1984. "Symbolic Interactionism and Experimentation: The Laboratory as a Provocative Stage."
Peter Hall. 1995. "The Consequences of Qualitative Analysis for Sociological Theory: Beyond the Microlevel." The Sociological Quarterly 36:397-424.
Jeffrey Ulmer and Mindy S. Wilson. 2003. "The Potential Contributions of Quantitative Research to Symbolic Interactionism." Symbolic Interaction 26(4):531-552.
Ozana Cucu-Oancea. 2012. "Personal Documents as Data Sources for Social Sciences. A Review of History of Uses, Ethical, Methodological and Epistemological Considerations." Social Change Review 10(1):3-36.

Paper 2 Due September 23

Wednesday, October 5

Self and Social Interaction

Gregory Stone. 1962. "Appearance and the Self" pp. 187-202 in Social Psychology through Symbolic Interactionism, edited by Gregory Stone and Harvey Farberman. New York: Macmillan. 
Howard S. Becker. 1964. "Personal Changes in Adult Life." Sociometry 27(1):40-53. 
Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss. 1964. "Awareness Contexts and Social Interaction." American Sociological Review 29(5):669-679. 
Edward Gross and Gregory P. Stone. 1964. "Embarrassment and the Analysis of Role Requirements." American Journal of Sociology 70(1):1-15. 
Thomas Scheff. 1967. "Toward a Sociological Model of Consensus." American Sociological Review 32(1):32-46. 
David A. Snow and Leon Anderson. 1987. "Identity Work Among the Homeless: The Verbal Construction and Avowal of Personal Identities." 92(6):1336-1371

2

Wednesday, October 12

Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler. 1989. "The Glorified Self: The Aggrandizement and the Constriction of Self." Social Psychology Quarterly 52(4): 299-310.
Michael Katovich and Carl Couch. 1992. "The Nature of Social Pasts and Their Use as Foundations for Situated Action." Symbolic Interaction 15(1):25-47. 
Lonnie Athens. 1994. "The Self as Soliloquy." The Sociological Quarterly 35(3):521-532. (12)
Terri Orbuch. 1997. "People's Accounts Count: The Sociology of Accounts." Annual Review of Sociology 23:455-478. (24)
David Altheide. 2000. "Identity and the Definition of the Situation in a Mass-Mediated Context." Symbolic Interaction 23(1):1-27. (26)

Paper 3 Due October 14

Wednesday, October 19

Emotions

Susan Shott. 1979. "Emotion and Social Life: A Symbolic Interactionist Analysis." American Journal of Sociology 84(6): 1317-1334
Arlie Russell Hochschild. 1979. "Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure." American Journal of Sociology 85(3):551-575.
Allen C. Smith, III and Sherryl Kleinman. 1989. "Managing Emotions in Medical School: Students' Contacts with the Living and the Dead." Social Psychology Quarterly 52(1):59-69.
Peggy A. Thoits. 1996. "Managing the Emotions of Others." Symbolic Interaction 19(2):85-109.
Thomas Scheff. 2003. "Shame in Self and Society." Symbolic Interaction 26:239-262.

Wednesday, October 26

Social Organization and Structure 

Everett Hughes. 1945. "Dilemmas and Contradictions of Status." American Journal of Sociology 50(5)353-359. 
Herbert Blumer. 1948. "Public Opinion and Public Opinion Polling." American Sociological Review 13(5): 542-549
Herbert Blumer. 1962. "Society as Symbolic Interaction."
Howard Becker. 1974. "Art as Collective Action." American Sociological Review 39(6):767-776.
Harvey A. Farberman. 1975. "A Criminogenic Market Structure: the Automobile Industry." The Sociological Quarterly 16(4): 438-457
Anselm L. Strauss. 1978. "A Social Worlds Perspective." Studies in symbolic interaction 1: 119-128 
David Unruh. 1980. "The Nature of Social Worlds." Pacific Sociological Review 23(3):271-296. 

3

Wednesday, November 2

Peter M. Hall. 1987. "Interactionism and the Study of Social Organization." The Sociological Quarterly 28(1):1-22. 
Gary Alan Fine. 1992. "The Culture of Production: Aesthetic Choices and Constraints in Culinary Work." American Journal of Sociology 97(5):1268-1294
Anselm Strauss 1993. Chapters on Arenas and Negotiated Order. 

Paper 4 Due November 4

Wednesday, November 9

Socialization

Kingsley Davis. 1947. "Final Note on a Case of Extreme Isolation." American Journal of Sociology 52(5):432-437.
Spencer E. Cahill. 1989. "Fashioning Males and Females: Appearance Management and the Social Reproduction of Gender." Symbolic Interaction 12(2):281-298.
Patricia A. Adler, Steven J. Kless, and Peter Adler. 1992. "Socialization to Gender Roles: Popularity among Elementary School Boys and Girls." Sociology of Education 65(3):169-187.
Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler. 1995. "Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion in Preadolescent Cliques." Social Psychology Quarterly 58(3):145-162.
David A. Karp, Lynda Lytle Holmstrom, and Paul S. Cray. 1998. "Leaving Home for College: Expectations for Selective Reconstruction of Self." Symbolic Interaction 21(3):253-276.
Spencer E. Cahill. 1999. "Emotional Capital and Professional Socialization: The Case of Mortuary Science Students (and Me)." Social Psychology Quarterly 62(2):101-116.
Herbert Blumer. 1958. "Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position." Pacific Sociological Review 1(1): 3-7.
Michael Schwalbe, Sandra Godwin, Daphne Holden, Douglas Schrock, Shealy Thompson, and Michele Wolkomir. 2000. "Generic Processes in the Reproduction of Inequality: An Interactionist Analysis." Social Forces 79(2):419-452.

Wednesday, November  16

Deviance, Crime and Violence

Scott R. Harris. 2001. "What Can Interactionism Contribute to the Study of Inequality? The Case of Marriage and Beyond." Symbolic Interaction 24(4):455-480.
Gresham M. Sykes and David Matza. 1957. "Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency." American Sociological Review 22(6):664-670.
Howard Becker. 1953. "Becoming a Marijuana User."
Fred Davis. 1961. "Deviance Disavowal: The Management of Strained Interaction by the Visibly Handicapped." Social Problems 9(2):120-132.
William Chambliss. 1973. "The Saints and the Roughnecks." Society 11(1):24-31.
David Luckenbill. 1977. "Criminal Homicide as a Situated Transaction." Social Problems 25(2):176-186.
James A. Holstein and Gale Miller. 1990. "Rethinking Victimization: An Interactional Approach to Victimization." Symbolic Interaction 13(1):103-122.
Elijah Anderson. 1994. "The Code of the Streets." The Atlantic Monthly (May)
Jodi Miller. 1998. "Up It Up: Gender and the Accomplishment of Street Robbery." Criminology 36(1):37-66.

Paper 5 Due November 18

Wednesday, November 23

Thanksgiving Break

Wednesday, November 30

Collective Behavior and Social Movements

David A. Snow, Louis Zurcher, and Sheldon Ekland-Olson. 1980. "Social Networks and Social Movements: A Microstructural Approach to Differential Recruitment." American Sociological Review 45(5):787-801.
David A. Snow, E. Burke Rochford, Steven K. Worden, Robert D. Benford. 1986. "Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation." American Sociological Review 51(4):464-481.
Clark McPhail. 1994. "The Dark Side of Purpose: Individual and Collective Violence in Riots." The Sociological Quarterly 35(1):1-32.
Robert D. Benford. 1997. "An Insider's Critique of the Social Movement Framing Perspective." Sociological Inquiry 67(4):409-430.
David Schweingruber. 2000. "Mob Sociology and Escalated Force: Sociology's Contribution to Repressive Police Tactics." The Sociological Quarterly 41(3): 371-389.

Wednesday, December 7

The Contemporary Place of SI

Carl Couch. 1992. "Toward a Formal Theory of Social Processes" Symbolic Interaction 15:117-134. (18)
Gary Alan Fine. 1993. "The Sad Demise, Mysterious Disappearance, and Glorious Triumph of Symbolic Interactionism." Annual Review of Sociology 19: 61-87. (27)
David Maines. 2001. Chapter 1 and 11 in The Faultline of Consciousness. (28)
Peter Hall. 2003. "Interactionism, Social Organization, and Social Processes: Looking Back and Moving Ahead." Symbolic Interaction 26(1):33-55. (23)

Paper 6 Due December 16

Finals Week