Sociology 561
Fall 2016
W 1:15pm —
4:00pm
GH 143
Professor
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Douglas Clayton Smith
|
Office
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126 Grise Hall
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Office Phone
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270-745-3750
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Email
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douglas.smith@wku.edu
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"Interactionism insists on
being a humble theory, not claiming too much and not dealing with major
abstractions and false dualisms. Indeed the real task of an interactionist is
simply to look at social life as people ‘do things together.’; its core
interests lie in the doing of ethnographies and in the intimate familiarity with
ongoing social… worlds. It is a hands-on ‘down-to-earth’ empirical
approach… In general, the tradition is one steeped in the exploration and
inspection of data." — Ken Plummer (2003)
"The symbolic
interactionist point of view requires you to take into account more things than
almost any other perspective. At least, it disposes you to do your research in
such a way that if anything is obviously (or not so obviously) affecting the
phenomenon you want to understand, you’ll be free to take advantage of finding
that out. This distinguishes it from other kinds of research which, for either
theoretical or technical reasons, limit your view of what’s relevant so that
you just don’t see those other factors which might be important." —
Howard S. Becker (1970)
"Few other social science
approaches have made so deep and explicit a commitment to complex questions.
Interactionists should not stop asking those questions. Quite the contrary, to
remove that complexity—to simplify interactionism—would
destroy its essence." — Kevin Mihata (2002)
Course Description
This is a graduate course designed to provide
depth and breadth of understanding in the sociological perspective known as
symbolic interactionism. Students will read original analyses concerning the
philosophical foundations of the perspective, research methods and theory
construction, application to various substantive domains, and variations in
theoretical expression and combinations with related perspectives. Upon
completion of this course, the competent student will increase their knowledge
about the symbolic interactionist perspective and its substantive contributions;
improve their skills of reading, analyzing, and evaluating sociological
research; and stimulate their thinking about their own research.
Course Requirements
The fundamental requirements are as
follows:
- Read and understand of
all assigned materials for each class,
- be prepared each class to discuss those
materials and explore ideas contained in them,
- annotate each article with a minimum of
three comments, connections, questions, or insights. These will be randomly
checked. Lastly,
- Write three short readings-focused papers,
5-8 pages long, typed, double-spaced. In them, students will focus on the
question, "What do I know and understand now that I didn't know, or
misunderstood, before these readings?" This strategy makes students do
what good scholars must always do; constantly explore the boundaries of
ignorance and knowledge.
Grades will be determined based on performance
in these areas.
Course Outline
The literature surrounding
symbolic interaction is vast. There is no way we can cover it all in just a
semester. So, below is my attempt to organize a tour of this area. In selecting
the readings, I have attempted to give you examples of excellent interactionist
research on many interesting topics. I also have attempted to introduce you to
different groups of interactionists. The purpose is to give you a conceptual
scheme around which to organize your own continuing reading and interpretation
fo the literature.
Class Period
|
Topics and Readings
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Tuesday, August 23
|
Introductory matters;
objectives; getting organized.
|
Wednesday, August
31
|
Historical Roots and
Philosophical Foundation: American Pragmatism
Required Readings:
| James,
William , (1904). "What Pragmatism Means". |
| John Dewey, "Nature,
Communication, and Meaning," Chapter 5 of Experience and
Nature (1929), pp. 166-207 |
| Charles Horton Cooley, "Social
and Individual Aspects of the Mind," Chapter 1 and "The
Significance of Communication," Chapter 6 of Social
Organization (1909), pp. 1-22, 61-65 |
| Mead, "The Social Self" The
Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods
10(14):374-380. |
| Mead, "A Behavioristic Account
of the Significant Symbol" (1922) The Journal of Philosophy
pp. 157-163 |
| Mead, "Cooley's Contribution to
American Social Thought," (1930) American Journal of Sociology
pp. 693-706 |
| Becker, Ernest. 1981. "From
Animal to Human Reactivity." Pp. 91-95 in Social Psychology
Through Symbolic Interaction, 2nd ed., edited by Gregory Stone and
Harvey Farberman. New York: Wiley. |
| David Maines, "G.H. Mead's Theory of Time and Social Order"
Chapter 2 in The Faultline of Consciousness (2001) pp. 37-54 in The Faultline of Consciousness.
Hawthorne, NY: Aldine. |
|
Wednesday, September 7
|
Death in the Family |
Wednesday, September
14
|
The Chicago School -- SI
Assembles
| Ellsworth Faris. 1928.
"Attitudes and Behavior." American Journal of Sociology 33:271-280. |
| Herbert
Blumer. 1937. "Social Psychology." from Man and Society, edited
by E. Schmidt. |
| W.I.
Thomas and Florian Znaniecki. 1927. "The Social Personality:
Organization of Attitudes." from The Polish Peasant in Europe
and America. |
| Small and Vincent. 1894.
"Introduction," "The Relation of Sociology to the
Special Social Sciences" and "The Organic Conception of
Society." from An Introduction to the Study of Society.
New York: American Book Company |
| Robert Park. 1927. "Human Nature
and Collective Behavior." American Journal of Sociology 32:733-741. |
| Robert Park. 1928. "Human
Migration and the Marginal Man." American Journal of Sociology
33:881-893. |
| Herbert Blumer. 1966. Sociological
Implications of the Thought of George Herbert Mead." American
Journal of Sociology 50(5):353-359. |
| David R. Maines, Jeffery C. Bridger,
and Jeffery T. Ulmer. 2001.
"Consequential Distortions of Park's Theory of Human
Ecology." pp. 69-95 in The Faultline of Consciousness.
Hawthorne, NY: Aldine. |
Paper 1 Due
September 16
|
Wednesday, September
21
|
Iowa,
Indiana, and Structural Symbolic Interaction
| Melzer and Petras. 1970. "The
Chicago and Iowa Schools of Symbolic Interactionism." |
| Dan Miller. 2011. "Toward a
Theory of Interaction: The Iowa School." Symbolic Interaction
34(3):340-348. |
| Manford Kuhn and Thomas S.
McPartland. 1954. "An Empirical Investigation of
Self-Attitudes." American Sociological Review 19(1):68-76. |
| Dan E. Miller, Robert A. Hintz, and
Carl Couch. 1975. "The Elements and Structures of Openings."
The Sociological Quarterly 16(4):479-499. |
| Carl Couch. 1984. "Symbolic
Interaction and Generic Sociological Principles." |
| Sheldon Stryker and Peter Burke.
2000. "The Past, Present, and Future of Identity Theory." Social
Psychological Quarterly 63(4):284-297. |
| Alicia Cast. 2003. "Power and
the Ability to Define the Situation." Social Psychology
Quarterly 66(3):185-201. |
| Peter J. Burke. 2004.
"Identities and Social Structure: The 2003 Cooley-Mead Award
Address." Social Psychology Quarterly 67(1):5-15. |
|
Wednesday, September
28
|
Research Methods
| Herbert Blumer. 1931. "Science
Without Concepts."American Journal of Sociology 36(4):515-533. |
| Herbert Blumer. 1956.
"Sociological Analysis and the 'Variable'" American
Sociological Review 21(6):683-690. |
| Turner and Schutte. 1981. "The
True Self Method for Studying Self Conceptions." |
| Michael Katovich, 1984. "Symbolic
Interactionism and Experimentation: The Laboratory as a Provocative
Stage." |
| Peter Hall. 1995. "The
Consequences of Qualitative Analysis for Sociological Theory: Beyond
the Microlevel." The Sociological Quarterly 36:397-424. |
| Jeffrey Ulmer and Mindy S. Wilson.
2003. "The Potential Contributions of Quantitative Research to
Symbolic Interactionism." Symbolic Interaction
26(4):531-552. |
| Ozana Cucu-Oancea. 2012.
"Personal Documents as Data Sources for Social Sciences. A Review
of History of Uses, Ethical, Methodological and Epistemological
Considerations." Social Change Review 10(1):3-36. |
Paper 2 Due
September 23
|
Wednesday, October 5
|
Self and Social Interaction
| Gregory Stone. 1962.
"Appearance and the Self" pp. 187-202 in Social
Psychology through Symbolic Interactionism, edited by Gregory
Stone and Harvey Farberman. New York: Macmillan. |
| Howard S. Becker. 1964.
"Personal Changes in Adult Life." Sociometry
27(1):40-53. |
| Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss.
1964. "Awareness Contexts and Social Interaction." American
Sociological Review 29(5):669-679. |
| Edward Gross and Gregory P. Stone.
1964. "Embarrassment and the Analysis of Role Requirements."
American Journal of Sociology 70(1):1-15. |
| Thomas Scheff. 1967. "Toward a
Sociological Model of Consensus." American Sociological Review
32(1):32-46. |
| David A. Snow and Leon Anderson.
1987. "Identity Work Among the Homeless: The Verbal Construction
and Avowal of Personal Identities." 92(6):1336-1371 |
2 |
Wednesday, October
12
|
| Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler.
1989. "The Glorified Self: The Aggrandizement and the
Constriction of Self." Social Psychology Quarterly 52(4):
299-310. |
| Michael Katovich and Carl Couch.
1992. "The Nature of Social Pasts and Their Use as Foundations
for Situated Action." Symbolic Interaction 15(1):25-47. |
| Lonnie Athens. 1994. "The Self
as Soliloquy." The Sociological Quarterly 35(3):521-532.
(12) |
| Terri Orbuch. 1997. "People's
Accounts Count: The Sociology of Accounts." Annual Review of
Sociology 23:455-478. (24) |
| David Altheide. 2000. "Identity
and the Definition of the Situation in a Mass-Mediated Context." Symbolic
Interaction 23(1):1-27. (26) |
Paper 3 Due October 14
|
Wednesday, October
19
|
Emotions
| Susan Shott. 1979. "Emotion and
Social Life: A Symbolic Interactionist Analysis." American
Journal of Sociology 84(6): 1317-1334 |
| Arlie Russell Hochschild. 1979.
"Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure." American
Journal of Sociology 85(3):551-575. |
| Allen C. Smith, III and Sherryl
Kleinman. 1989. "Managing Emotions in Medical School: Students'
Contacts with the Living and the Dead." Social Psychology
Quarterly 52(1):59-69. |
| Peggy A. Thoits. 1996. "Managing
the Emotions of Others." Symbolic Interaction
19(2):85-109. |
| Thomas Scheff. 2003. "Shame in
Self and Society." Symbolic Interaction 26:239-262. |
|
Wednesday, October
26
|
Social Organization and Structure
| Everett Hughes. 1945. "Dilemmas
and Contradictions of Status." American Journal of Sociology
50(5)353-359. |
| Herbert Blumer. 1948. "Public
Opinion and Public Opinion Polling." American Sociological
Review 13(5): 542-549 |
| Herbert Blumer. 1962. "Society
as Symbolic Interaction." |
| Howard Becker. 1974. "Art as
Collective Action." American Sociological Review
39(6):767-776. |
| Harvey A. Farberman. 1975. "A Criminogenic Market Structure:
the Automobile Industry." The Sociological Quarterly
16(4): 438-457 |
| Anselm L. Strauss. 1978. "A
Social Worlds Perspective." Studies
in symbolic interaction 1: 119-128 |
| David Unruh. 1980. "The Nature of Social Worlds." Pacific
Sociological Review 23(3):271-296. |
3 |
Wednesday, November 2
|
| Peter M. Hall. 1987. "Interactionism and the Study of Social
Organization." The Sociological Quarterly 28(1):1-22. |
| Gary Alan Fine. 1992. "The
Culture of Production: Aesthetic Choices and Constraints in Culinary
Work." American Journal of Sociology 97(5):1268-1294 |
| Anselm Strauss 1993. Chapters on Arenas and
Negotiated Order. |
Paper 4 Due November
4
|
Wednesday, November 9
|
Socialization
| Kingsley Davis. 1947. "Final
Note on a Case of Extreme Isolation." American Journal of
Sociology 52(5):432-437. |
| Spencer E. Cahill. 1989.
"Fashioning Males and Females: Appearance Management and the
Social Reproduction of Gender." Symbolic Interaction
12(2):281-298. |
| Patricia A. Adler, Steven J. Kless,
and Peter Adler. 1992. "Socialization to Gender Roles: Popularity
among Elementary School Boys and Girls." Sociology of
Education 65(3):169-187. |
| Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler.
1995. "Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion in Preadolescent
Cliques." Social Psychology Quarterly 58(3):145-162. |
| David A. Karp, Lynda Lytle Holmstrom,
and Paul S. Cray. 1998. "Leaving Home for College: Expectations
for Selective Reconstruction of Self." Symbolic Interaction
21(3):253-276. |
| Spencer E. Cahill. 1999.
"Emotional Capital and Professional Socialization: The Case of
Mortuary Science Students (and Me)." Social Psychology
Quarterly 62(2):101-116. |
| Herbert Blumer. 1958. "Race
Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position." Pacific Sociological
Review 1(1): 3-7. |
| Michael Schwalbe, Sandra Godwin,
Daphne Holden, Douglas Schrock, Shealy Thompson, and Michele Wolkomir.
2000. "Generic Processes in the Reproduction of Inequality: An
Interactionist Analysis." Social Forces 79(2):419-452. |
|
Wednesday, November
16
|
Deviance, Crime and Violence
| Scott R. Harris. 2001. "What Can
Interactionism Contribute to the Study of Inequality? The Case of
Marriage and Beyond." Symbolic Interaction 24(4):455-480. |
| Gresham M. Sykes and David Matza.
1957. "Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of
Delinquency." American Sociological Review 22(6):664-670. |
| Howard Becker. 1953. "Becoming a
Marijuana User." |
| Fred Davis. 1961. "Deviance
Disavowal: The Management of Strained Interaction by the Visibly
Handicapped." Social Problems 9(2):120-132. |
| William Chambliss. 1973. "The
Saints and the Roughnecks." Society 11(1):24-31. |
| David Luckenbill. 1977.
"Criminal Homicide as a Situated Transaction." Social
Problems 25(2):176-186. |
| James A. Holstein and Gale Miller.
1990. "Rethinking Victimization: An Interactional Approach to
Victimization." Symbolic Interaction 13(1):103-122. |
| Elijah Anderson. 1994. "The Code
of the Streets." The Atlantic Monthly (May) |
| Jodi Miller. 1998. "Up It Up:
Gender and the Accomplishment of Street Robbery." Criminology
36(1):37-66. |
Paper 5 Due November
18
|
Wednesday, November 23
|
Thanksgiving Break
|
Wednesday, November
30
|
Collective Behavior and Social
Movements
| David A. Snow, Louis Zurcher, and
Sheldon Ekland-Olson. 1980. "Social Networks and Social
Movements: A Microstructural Approach to Differential
Recruitment." American Sociological Review 45(5):787-801. |
| David A. Snow, E. Burke Rochford,
Steven K. Worden, Robert D. Benford. 1986. "Frame Alignment
Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation." American
Sociological Review 51(4):464-481. |
| Clark McPhail. 1994. "The Dark
Side of Purpose: Individual and Collective Violence in Riots." The
Sociological Quarterly 35(1):1-32. |
| Robert D. Benford. 1997. "An
Insider's Critique of the Social Movement Framing Perspective." Sociological
Inquiry 67(4):409-430. |
| David Schweingruber. 2000. "Mob
Sociology and Escalated Force: Sociology's Contribution to Repressive
Police Tactics." The Sociological Quarterly 41(3):
371-389. |
|
Wednesday, December 7
|
The Contemporary Place of SI
| Carl Couch. 1992. "Toward a
Formal Theory of Social Processes" Symbolic Interaction
15:117-134. (18) |
| Gary Alan Fine. 1993. "The Sad
Demise, Mysterious Disappearance, and Glorious Triumph of Symbolic
Interactionism." Annual Review of Sociology 19: 61-87.
(27) |
| David Maines. 2001. Chapter 1 and 11
in The Faultline of Consciousness. (28) |
| Peter Hall. 2003. "Interactionism,
Social Organization, and Social Processes: Looking Back and Moving
Ahead." Symbolic Interaction 26(1):33-55. (23) |
Paper 6 Due December
16
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Finals Week
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