Sociology 561
Spring 2015
MW 5:05pm —
6:25pm
GH 143
Professor
|
Douglas Clayton Smith
|
Office
|
126 Grise Hall
|
Office Phone
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270-745-3750
|
Email
|
douglas.smith@wku.edu
|
"Interactionism insists on
being a humble theory, not claiming too much and not dealing with major
abstractions and false dualisms. Indeed the real task of an interactionist is
simply to look at social life as people ‘do things together.’; its core
interests lie in the doing of ethnographies and in the intimate familiarity with
ongoing social… worlds. It is a hands-on ‘down-to-earth’ empirical
approach… In general, the tradition is one steeped in the exploration and
inspection of data." — Ken Plummer (2003)
"The symbolic
interactionist point of view requires you to take into account more things than
almost any other perspective. At least, it disposes you to do your research in
such a way that if anything is obviously (or not so obviously) affecting the
phenomenon you want to understand, you’ll be free to take advantage of finding
that out. This distinguishes it from other kinds of research which, for either
theoretical or technical reasons, limit your view of what’s relevant so that
you just don’t see those other factors which might be important." —
Howard S. Becker (1970)
"Few other social science
approaches have made so deep and explicit a commitment to complex questions.
Interactionists should not stop asking those questions. Quite the contrary, to
remove that complexity—to simplify interactionism—would
destroy its essence." — Kevin Mihata (2002)
Course Description
This is a graduate course designed to provide
depth and breadth of understanding in the sociological perspective known as
symbolic interactionism. Students will read original analyses concerning the
philosophical foundations of the perspective, research methods and theory
construction, application to various substantive domains, and variations in
theoretical expression and combinations with related perspectives. Upon
completion of this course, the competent student will increase their knowledge
about the symbolic interactionist perspective and its substantive contributions;
improve their skills of reading, analyzing, and evaluating sociological
research; and stimulate their thinking about their own research.
Course Requirements
The fundamental requirements are as
follows:
- Read and acquire a basic understanding of
all assigned materials for each class,
- be prepared each class to discuss those
materials and explore ideas contained in them,
- prepare discussion issues/questions for
each section of readings and turn them in at the end of the class in which
we cover the section. These should not be less than one and not more
than three typed pages in length. The goal of these assignments is to
provide an incentive for students to read and critically thinkn about the
material. They will be graded on the following scale: 2 = good, solid
coverage and analysis of readings; 1 = minimal, superficial coverage and
analysis, 0 = did not turn them in. Lastly,
- Write six short readings-focused papers,
5-8 pages long, typed, double-spaced. In them, students will focus on the
question, "What do I know and understand now that I didn't know, or
misunderstood, before these readings?" This strategy makes students do
what good scholars must always do; constantly explore the boundaries of
ignorance and knowledge. The first of these papers must be handed in
on Monday, February 16; the second on Wednesday, March 4; the third on March
25; the fourth on April 8; the fifth on April 22; and the sixth on May 6.
Grades will be determined based on performance
in these areas.
Course Outline
The literature surrounding
symbolic interaction is vast. There is no way we can cover it all in just a
semester. So, below is my attempt to organize a tour of this area. In selecting
the readings, I have attempted to give you examples of excellent interactionist
research on many interesting topics. I also have attempted to introduce you to
different groups of interactionists. The purpose is to give you a conceptual
scheme around which to organize your own continuing reading and interpretation
fo the literature.
Class Period
|
Topics and Readings
|
Monday, January 26 |
1 Introductory matters;
objectives; getting organized. |
Wednesday, January 28 |
2 Historical Roots and
Philosophical Foundation: American Pragmatism
Required Readings:
| Charles Sanders Peirce, "How to
Make Our Ideas Clear" (1878) |
| James,
William , (1904). "What Pragmatism Means". |
| John Dewey, "The Reflex Arc
Concept in Psychology" (1896) |
| John Dewey, "Nature,
Communication, and Meaning," Chapter 5 of Experience and
Nature (1929), pp. 166-207 |
| Charles Horton Cooley, "Social
and Individual Aspects of the Mind," Chapter 1 and "The
Significance of Communication," Chapter 6 of Social
Organization (1909), pp. 1-22, 61-65 |
| Mead, "The Social Self" The
Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods
10(14):374-380. |
| Mead, "A Behavioristic Account
of the Significant Symbol" (1922) The Journal of Philosophy
pp. 157-163 |
| Mead, "Cooley's Contribution to
American Social Thought," (1930) American Journal of Sociology
pp. 693-706 |
| Becker, Ernest. 1981. "From
Animal to Human Reactivity." Pp. 91-95 in Social Psychology
Through Symbolic Interaction, 2nd ed., edited by Gregory Stone and
Harvey Farberman. New York: Wiley. |
| David Maines, "G.H. Mead's Theory of Time and Social Order"
Chapter 2 in The Faultline of Consciousness (2001) pp. 37-54 in The Faultline of Consciousness.
Hawthorne, NY: Aldine. |
| Dmitri Shalin, "Pragmatism and
Social Interactionism" American Sociological Review
51(1986):9-29. |
|
Monday, February 2 |
Class Cancelled: At Annual Meetings of SRSA
|
Monday, February 9 |
3 The Chicago School -- SI is Born
| Small and Vincent. 1894.
"Introduction," "The Relation of Sociology to the
Special Social Sciences" and "The Organic Conception of
Society." from An Introduction to the Study of Society.
New York: American Book Company |
| Robert Park. 1927. "Human Nature
and Collective Behavior." American Journal of Sociology 32:733-741. |
| W.I.
Thomas and Florian Znaniecki. 1927. "The Social Personality:
Organization of Attitudes." from The Polish Peasant in Europe
and America. |
| Ellsworth Faris. 1928.
"Attitudes and Behavior." American Journal of Sociology 33:271-280. |
| Robert Park. 1928. "Human
Migration and the Marginal Man." American Journal of Sociology
33:881-893. |
| Herbert
Blumer. 1937. "Social Psychology." from Man and Society, edited
by E. Schmidt. |
| Howard S. Becker. 1953. "The
Professional Dance Musician and His Audience." American
Journal of Sociology 57(2):136-144. |
| Everett C. Hughes. 1962. "What Other?" in Human Behavior and
Social Processes, edited by A. Rose. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. |
| Arnold Rose. 1962. "A Systematic Summary of Symbolic Interaction
Theory." in Human Behavior and Social Processes, edited by
A. Rose. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. |
| Herbert Blumer. 1966. Sociological
Implications of the Thought of George Herbert Mead." American
Journal of Sociology 50(5):353-359. |
| David R. Maines, Jeffery C. Bridger,
and Jeffery T. Ulmer. 2001.
"Consequential Distortions of Park's Theory of Human
Ecology." pp. 69-95 in The Faultline of Consciousness.
Hawthorne, NY: Aldine. |
|
Monday, February 16 |
4 The Iowa School
| Kuhn, Manford and Thomas S.
McPartland. 1954. "An Empirical Investigation of
Self-Attitudes." American Sociological Review 19(1):68-76. |
| Melzer and Petras. 1970. "The
Chicago and Iowa Schools of Symbolic Interactionism." |
| Dan E. Miller, Robert A. Hintz, and
Carl Couch. 1975. "The Elements and Structures of Openings."
The Sociological Quarterly 16(4):479-499. |
| Carl Couch. 1984. "Symbolic
Interaction and Generic Sociological Principles." |
| Couch, 1986. "Elementary Forms
of Social Activity." |
| Sink and Couch. 1986. "The
Construction of Interpersonal Negotiations." |
| Katovich, 1986. "Temporal Stages
of Situated Activity and Identity Activation." |
| Sheldon Stryker and Peter Burke.
2000. "The Past, Present, and Future of Identity Theory." Social
Psychological Quarterly 63(4):284-297. |
| Alicia Cast. 2003. "Power and
the Ability to Define the Situation." Social Psychology
Quarterly 66(3):185-201. |
| Peter J. Burke. 2004.
"Identities and Social Structure: The 2003 Cooley-Mead Award
Address." Social Psychology Quarterly 67(1):5-15. |
| Dan Miller. 2011. "Toward a
Theory of Interaction: The Iowa School." Symbolic Interaction
34(3):340-348. |
Paper 1 due
|
Monday, February 23 |
Winter Storm Killed Class |
Monday, March 2 |
5 Research Methods
| W.I. Thomas and Florian Zaniecki.
1927. "Methodological Note: Attitude and Value." from The
Polish Peasant in Europe and America. |
| Herbert Blumer. 1931. "Science
Without Concepts."American Journal of Sociology 36(4):515-533. |
| Herbert Blumer. 1939.
"Transcript of the Conference Proceedings, Morning Session."
from Blumer's An Appraisal of Thomas and Znaniecki's The Polish
Peasant in Europe and America. |
| Herbert Blumer. 1940 "Problem
with the Concept in Social Psychology." American Journal of
Sociology 45(5):707-719. |
| Herbert Blumer. 1956.
"Sociological Analysis and the 'Variable'" American
Sociological Review 21(6):683-690. |
| Tucker. 1966. "Some
Methodological Problems with Kuhn's Self Theory" The
Sociological Quarterly 7(3):345-358. |
| Saxton and Couch. 1975.
"Recording Social Interaction." |
| Turner and Schutte. 1981. "The
True Self Method for Studying Self Conceptions." |
| Michael Katovich, 1984. "Symbolic
Interactionism and Experimentation: The Laboratory as a Provocative
Stage." |
| Peter Hall. 1995. "The
Consequences of Qualitative Analysis for Sociological Theory: Beyond
the Microlevel." The Sociological Quarterly 36:397-424. |
| Jeffrey Ulmer. 2001. "Mythic
Facts and Herbert Blumer's Work on Race Relations." The
Sociological Quarterly 42(2):289-296. |
| Elijah Anderson. 2003. "Jelly's
Place: An Ethnographic Memoir." Symbolic Interaction
26:217-237. |
| Jeffrey Ulmer and Mindy S. Wilson.
2003. "The Potential Contributions of Quantitative Research to
Symbolic Interactionism." Symbolic Interaction
26(4):531-552. |
|
Monday, March 9 |
Spring Break |
Monday, March 16 |
Catch up on any reading not yet done. (22)
| John P. Hewitt. 2003. "Symbols,
Objects, and Meanings." Pp. 307-326 in The Handbook of
Symbolic Interaction, edited by Larry T. Reynolds and Nancy J.
Herman-Kinney. New York: Rowman and Littlefield. (10) |
| W.I. Thomas and D.S. Thomas. 1928.
"The Definition of the Situation" Pp. 571-573 and 575 from The
Child in America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. (2) |
| Tomatsu Shibutani. 1962.
"Reference Groups and Social Control." Human Behavior and
Social Processes: An Interactionist Approach. Pp. 129-147. (10) |
|
Monday, March 23 |
6Self and Social Interaction (113)
| Gregory Stone. 1962.
"Appearance and the Self" pp. 187-202 in Social
Psychology through Symbolic Interactionism, edited by Gregory
Stone and Harvey Farberman. New York: Macmillan. (17) |
| Howard S. Becker. 1964.
"Personal Changes in Adult Life." Sociometry
27(1):40-53. (13) |
| Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss.
1964. "Awareness Contexts and Social Interaction." American
Sociological Review 29(5):669-679. (10) |
| Edward Gross and Gregory P. Stone.
1964. "Embarrassment and the Analysis of Role Requirements."
American Journal of Sociology 70(1):1-15. (15) |
| McCall and Simmons. 1966. "The
Stolen Base as a Social Object." (2) |
| Thomas Scheff. 1967. "Toward a
Sociological Model of Consensus." American Sociological Review
32(1):32-46. (15) |
| Gregory Stone. 1977. "Personal
Acts." Symbolic Interaction 1(1):2-19. (18) |
| Michael Katovich and Carl Couch.
1992. "The Nature of Social Pasts and Their Use as Foundations
for Situated Action." Symbolic Interaction 15(1):25-47.
(23) |
Paper 2 due
|
Monday, March 30 |
120
| Lonnie Athens. 1994. "The Self
as Soliloquy." The Sociological Quarterly 35(3):521-532.
(12) |
| Terri Orbuch. 1997. "People's
Accounts Count: The Sociology of Accounts." Annual Review of
Sociology 23:455-478. (24) |
| David Altheide. 2000. "Identity
and the Definition of the Situation in a Mass-Mediated Context." Symbolic
Interaction 23(1):1-27. (26) |
| Andrew J. Weigert and Viktor Gecas.
2003. "Self." Pp. 267-289 in The Handbook of Symbolic
Interaction, edited by Larry T. Reynolds and Nancy J.
Herman-Kinney. New York: Rowman and Littlefield. (12) |
| George J. McCall. 2003.
"Interaction." Pp. 327-348 in The Handbook of Symbolic
Interaction, edited by Larry T. Reynolds and Nancy J.
Herman-Kinney. New York: Rowman and Littlefield. (12) |
| Cheryl A. Albas and Daniel C. Albas.
2003. "Motives." Pp. 349-366 in The Handbook of Symbolic
Interaction, edited by Larry T. Reynolds and Nancy J.
Herman-Kinney. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.(10) |
| Kevin D. Vryan, Patricia A. Adler,
and Peter Adler. 2003. "Identity." Pp. 267-289 in The
Handbook of Symbolic Interaction, edited by Larry T. Reynolds and
Nancy J. Herman-Kinney. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.(13) |
| Norman A. Dolch. 2003.
"Role." Pp. 267-289 in The Handbook of Symbolic
Interaction, edited by Larry T. Reynolds and Nancy J.
Herman-Kinney. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.(11) |
|
Monday, April 6 |
Social Organization and Structure
(119)
| Everett Hughes. 1945. "Dilemmas
and Contradictions of Status." American Journal of Sociology
50(5)353-359. (7) |
| Herbert Blumer. 1948. "Public
Opinion and Public Opinion Polling." American Sociological
Review 13(5): 542-549 (8) |
| Gregory P. Stone and William H. Form. 1953. "Instabilities in
Status: The Problem of Hierarchy in the Community Study of Status
Arrangements." American Sociological Review 18(2): 149-162
(14) |
| Herbert Blumer. 1954. "Social
Structure and Power Conflict." Industrial Conflict :
232-239 (7) |
| Herbert Blumer. 1958. "Race
Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position." Pacific Sociological
Review 1(1): 3-7. (5) |
| Herbert Blumer. 1962. "Society
as Symbolic Interaction." |
| Harvey A. Farberman. 1975. "A Criminogenic Market Structure:
the Automobile Industry." The Sociological Quarterly
16(4): 438-457 (20) |
| Denzin, Norman K. 1977. "Notes on the
Criminogenic Hypothesis: A Case Study of the American Liquor Industry." American Sociological
Review : 905-920 (16) |
| Anselm L. Strauss. 1978. "A
Social Worlds Perspective." Studies
in symbolic interaction 1: 119-128 (6) |
| David Unruh. 1980. "The Nature of Social Worlds." Pacific
Sociological Review 23(3):271-296. (26) |
|
Monday, April 13 |
127
| Peter M. Hall. 1987. "Interactionism and the Study of Social
Organization." The Sociological Quarterly 28(1):1-22.
(22) |
| Gil Richard Musolf. 1992. "Structure, Institutions, Power, and
Ideology: New Directions within Symbolic Interactionism" The
Sociological Quarterly 33(2):171-189. (19) |
| Strauss 1993. Chapters on Arenas and
Negotiated Order. (20) |
| Lawrence Bobo and Vincent L.
Hutchings. 1996. "Perceptions of racial group competition:
Extending Blumer's theory of group position to a multiracial social
context." American Sociological Review 61(6):951-972 (22) |
| Peter M. Hall. 1997.
"Meta-Power, Social Organization, and the Shaping of Social
Action." Symbolic Interaction 20(4): 397-418 (22) |
| Michael A. Katovich and David R.
Maines. 2003. "Society." Pp. 289-306 in The Handbook of Symbolic
Interaction, edited by Larry T. Reynolds and Nancy J.
Herman-Kinney. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.(10) |
| Gideon Sjoberg, Elizabeth A. Gill and
Joo Ean Tan. 2003.
"Social Organization." Pp. 411-432 in The Handbook of Symbolic
Interaction, edited by Larry T. Reynolds and Nancy J.
Herman-Kinney. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.(12) |
Paper 3 due
|
Monday, April 20 |
The Contemporary Place of SI
| Carl Couch. 1992. "Toward a
Formal Theory of Social Processes" Symbolic Interaction
15:117-134. (18) |
| Gary Alan Fine. 1993. "The Sad
Demise, Mysterious Disappearance, and Glorious Triumph of Symbolic
Interactionism." Annual Review of Sociology 19: 61-87.
(27) |
| David Maines. 2001. Chapter 1 and 11
in The Faultline of Consciousness. (28) |
| Peter Hall. 2003. "Interactionism,
Social Organization, and Social Processes: Looking Back and Moving
Ahead." Symbolic Interaction 26(1):33-55. (23) |
|
Monday, April 27 |
Substantive Applications
Recycling / Waste
| Ed
Petkus. 1992. "Implications of the Symbolic Interactionist
Perspective For the Study of Environmentally-Responsible
Consumption", in NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 19,
eds. John F. Sherry, Jr. and Brian Sternthal, Provo, UT : Association
for Consumer Research, Pages: 861-869. http://www.acrwebsite.org/search/view-conference-proceedings.aspx?Id=7403 |
| Ann
Herda-Rapp. 2000. "Gender Identity Expansion and Negotiation in
the Toxic Waste Movement." The Sociological Quarterly
41(3):431-442. |
| Gail
Markle. 2014. "Accounting for the Performance of Environmentally
Significant Behavior: The Symbolic Significance of Recycling. Symbolic
Interaction 37(2):246-263. |
Povery/Inequality/Gender
| Leon Anderson and David. A. Snow.
2001. "Inequality and the Self: Exploring Connections from an
Interactionist Perspective." Symbolic Interaction
24(4):395-406. |
| Carrie Yodanis. 2002. "Producing
Social Class Representations: Women's Work in a Rural Town." Gender
and Society 16(3):323-344. |
| Margie L. Kiter Edwards. 2004.
"We're Decent People: Constructing and Managing Family Identity
in Rural Working-Class Communities." Journal of Marriage and
Family 66(2):515-529. |
Contraception
| Monica Longmore. 1998. "Symbolic
Interactionism and the Study of Sexuality." The Journal of Sex
Research 35(1):44-57 |
| Viktor Gecas and Roger Libby. 1976.
"Sexual Behavior as Symbolic Interaction." The Journal of
Sex Research 12(1):33-49. |
| Sinikka Elliott. 2010. "Parents'
Constructions of Teen Sexuality: Sex Panics, Contradictory Discourses,
and Social Inequality." Symbolic Interaction
33(2):191-212. |
|
Monday, May 4 |
Mediated Interaction
| Laura Robinson. 2007. "The
Cyberself: The Self-ing Project Goes Online, Symbolic Interaction in
the Digital Age." New Media & Society 9(1):93-110. |
| Bernie Hogan. 2010. "The
Presentation of Self in the Age of Social Media: Distinguishing
Performances and Exhibitions Online." Bulletin of Science,
Technology & Society XX(X):1-10. |
| Simon Evans 2012. "Virtual
Selves, Real Relationships: An Exploration of the Context and Role for
Social Interactions in the Emergence of Self in Virtual
Environments." Integrative Psychological and Behavioral
Science 46(4):512-528. |
Music
| Jose van Dijck. 2006. "Record
and Hold: Popular Music between Personal and Collective Memory."
Critical Studies in Media Communication 23(5):357-374. |
| Danielle Bessett. 2006. "'Don't
Step on My Groove!': Gender and the Social Experience of Rock." Symbolic
Interaction 29(1):49-62. |
| Gretchen Larsen, Rob Lawson, and
Sarah Todd. 2009. "The Consumption of Music as
Self-Representation in Social Interaction." Australasain
Marketing Journal 17(1):16-26. |
Computer Gaming
| Nicolas Ducheneaut and Robert J.
Moore. 2005. "More than just 'XP': Learning Social Skills in
Massively Multiplayer Online Games." Interactive Technology
& Smart Education 2:89-100. |
| J. Patrick Williams and David
Kirschner. "Elements of Social Action: A Micro-Analytic Approach
to the Study of Collaborative Behavior in Digital Games." http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/paper_254.pdf |
| J. Patrick Williams, David Kirschner,
and Zahirah Suhaimi-Broder. 2014. "Structural Roles in Massively
Multiplayer Online Games: A Case Study of Guild and Raid Leaders in
World of Warcraft." Studies in Symbolic Interaction
43:121-142. |
Paper 4 due
|