REVISED 03/30/2021

 

Introduction to Community, Environment, and Development
Spring 2021

Section 701
CRN: 43033

Douglas Clayton Smith
Professor of Sociology

131 Grise Hall WKU Office Phone:  (270) 745-3131 
Department of Sociology and Criminology Email:  Douglas.Smith@wku.edu
Western Kentucky University Personal Webpage:  people.wku.edu/Douglas.Smith/
1906 College Heights Blvd. #11057 Class Webpage: wku.blackboard.com
Bowling Green, KY 42101-1057  
Office Hours: I will be available Tuesday from Noon to 2 and Wednesday 12-1 and 2-3 via Zoom or by appointment.
WKU Catalog Description: Examines the causes, dynamics, and consequences of socio-economic change for people, how they live in communities, and how they relate to the natural world. Survey course for “Community, Environment, & Development" concentration.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

How can we get along better with each other and the planet? The central task of the study of community and environmental sociology is answering this question.

Each week in this introductory course, we take up a different dimension of what stands in the way of greater togetherness, and how we might turn it into a point of connection and belongingness with one another.  Key topics include community organizing, local food systems, energy transitions, environmental justice, resource dependence, and sustainable development.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

By the end of this course, you should be able to: 

Connect individual and seemingly isolated lives to a broader social and historical context. 
Understand how social science arguments are constructed and evaluated.

Learn and practice the core elements of sociological reasoning, including making connections between a social phenomenon and its larger context; evaluating the “situated” nature of knowledge; and recognizing the paradigms, or knowledge frameworks, that structure our thinking about social issues.

Gain experience critically evaluating various sources of knowledge and data about social issues.

Become familiar with key concepts such as: “community,” “development,” “environmental justice,” “sustainability,” “globalization,” and “neoliberalism;” learn how these concepts are involved in contemporary debates about what is just and desirable for the places where we live and the world as a whole.

Become familiar with actors in the social practices, processes, and institutions that affect our communities and the environment, including government, corporations, transnational institutions and social movements.

Develop skills and frameworks for analyzing how social processes affect disparately different groups of people.

Make connections between sociological theories and concepts and your own experiences.

This course also fulfills the Local to Global Component of the Colonnade Program's Connections Section.  This course will help you attain these general education goals--by the end of the course, you will be able to:

Recognize the interconnections of events and processes unfolding in different localities around the world.

Analyze the tensions between the projects of local communities and economic globalization.

Identify the consequences of decision-making for various localities and developments at the global scale.

Consider and evaluate various alternatives for how everyday life might be organized.

The university also sees the Connections courses of the Colonnade program as the place to demonstrate mastery of the skills developed in WKU's Quality Enhancement Plan, entitled "Evidence and Argument."  Through this plan, WKU students will bring evidence and argument to life through written, oral, and visual means so that they can apply and adapt these skills to their professional, social, and personal lives. So at the end of this course, WKU students will also demonstrate the ability to:

Gather sound and relevant evidence to address an issue (Evidence-Gathering).

Analyze assembled evidence (Sense-making).

Articulate a logical and supported argument based on this analysis (Argumentation).

REQUIRED COURSE MATERIALS:

Electronic copies will be available on our Blackboard website.

I want to clarify how I hope you will approach the readings. First, be critical of what you are reading, drawing upon your own experiences, and other knowledge you have acquired throughout your education.  I have chosen many readings precisely because they are provocative, and because they may disagree or amplify one another. If you find yourself strongly disagreeing with a particular reading, that's fine; indeed, I encourage strong disagreement. However, if you disagree, you must clarify in your mind the reasons and evidence upon which you are basing your disagreement. We will get a lot farther with discussion than with debate.

At the same time, you should keep an open mind. Listen to what the readings have to say. Think about what experiences you may have had and reading you have done that may corroborate the course readings.  Give yourself time to reflect on the information offered in the readings. These are not readings to be run through rapidly.  Take your time with them; allow yourself to enter into a kind of conversation with them.

When reading you should consider the following:

What are the main themes/arguments in this reading?

What evidence does the author provide to support her/his argument?

How does this reading relate to other readings we have done?

What are the strengths and weaknesses of this argument and any data supporting it?  Are terms defined clearly and used consistently? (If not, what problems does this create?)

Are terms defined and used the same way as in the other readings?  Would other authors we have read agree/disagree with this argument?  Why?

What additional questions does this reading raise for you?  (Or put another way: if you and the author were stranded on a desert isle, what question would you most like to ask him or her (besides "Do you have a boat?)?

How could you use the ideas in addressing real world problems? 

COURSE ORGANIZATION:

To give us the most flexibility given the COVID-19 pandemic, this course will be offered asynchronously. I will record online video lectures that you can watch when you have time in your schedule. This 3-credit hour course will require approximately three hours of direct faculty instruction each week through the online video lectures. In addition, you may expect to spend approximately six hours on out-of-class student work for this course each week for approximately 15 weeks. Out-of-class work may include but is not limited to: required reading, online training module completion, written assignments, and studying for exams. 

EVALUATION AND GRADING:

I. Disaster Training Module Assignment (20 24 points)

This assignment is designed to introduce you to training modules developed through CONVERGE unit at the Natural Hazards Center at the University of Colorado Boulder. The goal of completing a module is to strengthen your knowledge and skills while encouraging you to learn more about the social scientific study of disasters. There are two pieces to the assignment: 1. Complete one training module of your choosing from the CONVERGE website and submit the certificate of completion on our Blackboard course site. 2. Write a two-page reflection piece that explains how the training module relates to this class and your future career and/or academic interests and aspirations. Deadline: March 5.

II. Book/Reading Report (20 24 points)

Connect eight (8) of the readings and describe the questions and concerns raised by the authors. What are the contributions of the authors in shaping our understanding about ongoing community, development, and/or environmental problems? Minimum 1500 words (3 pages single space). Citations are required and should be ASA Style. Deadline: April 23.

III. Research Methods Paper (20 points)  

Drawing from the readings and the class lectures, what are the tools used for scientific research in the areas of community, environment, and development? Write a paper discussing the various methodologies and methodological tools that scholars use in their study and describe what they accomplish. What kind of data was gathered? How do these tools enable a broader or deeper understanding of the social environmental problem? All material must be drawn from your reading assignments. Citations are required and should be ASA Style. Minimum 1500 words (3 pages single space). Pick your deadline in advance of when you plan to submit your paper. Deadline: April 23. 

IV. Exams (40 52 points)

Exam -- Released Week 6 and Week 10 11 (10 14 points each)

Final Exam (20 24 points).

TENTATIVE COURSE SCHEDULE:

This is a general schedule of quiz dates  and readings to be done in preparation for class.

Dates Questions Readings
Week 1

Jan. 19 -- Jan. 22

   

Week 2

Jan. 25 -- Jan. 29

   

Week 3

Feb. 1 -- Feb. 5

Theories and Disciplines

What is Sociology?

What is Environmental Sociology?

C. Wright Mills, "The Promise"

Pellow, D. and N. Brehm. 2013. "An Environmental Sociology for the 21st Century."

Foster, J. and H. Holleman. 2012. Weber and the Environment."

Podcast on The Social Breakdown: (Don't) Ask a Sociologist, Episode 1: What is society? 

Week 4

Feb. 8 -- Feb. 12

Terms and Definitions

What do sociologists mean by community? 

What do sociologists mean by environment? 

Theodori, Gene. 2005. "Community and Community Development in Resource-Based Areas"
Emery, Mary, Susan Fey, and Cornelia Flora. 2006. "Using the Community Capitals Framework in Asset-based Community Development." Pp. 5-7 in "Using Community Capitals to Develop Assets for Positive Community Change" CD Practice No. 13.
Hill Collins, Patricia. 2020. "The New Politics of Community."
Sandul, Paul. 2014. "Collected Memory and the Continued Legacies of Boosterism." Pp. 182-207 in Boosterism, Memory, and Rural Suburbs in the Golden State. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia State Press.
BONUS: To tie community, memory, heritage and environment all together check out the Podcast -- Seed Memory, especially Episode 2: Solutions and problems of industrial heritage and Episode 3: Emotions and heritage.

Week 5

Feb. 15 -- Feb. 19

Community and the Persistence of Inequality

What is intersectionality?

Bonilla Silva, Eduardo. 2010. "The Strange Enigma of Race in Contemporary America" pp. 1-11 in Racism Without Racists: Color-blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States.

We'll either look at: 

Omi, Michael and Howard Winant, "Racial Formation" in Racial Formation in the United States.
Nakano Glenn, Evelyn. 2004. pp. XX-XX in Unequal Freedom: How Race and Gender Shaped American Citizenship and Labor.

Or

Hankivsky, Olena. 2014. "Intersectionality 101." 
Lipsitz, George. 2007. "The Racialization of Space and the Spatialization of Race: Theorizing the Hidden Architecture of Landscape." 

Week 6

Feb. 22 -- Feb. 26

Natural(?) Disasters

What is so natural about natural disasters?

Holleman, Hannah. 2017. De-naturalizing Ecological Disaster: Colonialism, Racism, and the Global Dust Bowl of the 1930s. The Journal of Peasant Studies 44(1):234-260.
Bullard, Robert D. and Beverly Wright. 2009. "Introduction" and "Race, Place, and the Environment in Post-Katrina New Orleans" pp. 1-49 in Race, Place, and Environmental Justice after Hurricane Katrina: Struggles to Reclaim, Rebuild, and Revitalize New Orleans and the Gulf Coast. New York: Routledge.
Radio Interview: "Hurricane Laura Devastates Gulf Coast, Laying Bare Climate Crisis, Environmental Racism".
Documentary Film: Cooked: Survival by Zip Code

Week 7

Mar. 1 -- Mar. 5

Social Ecological Determinants of Health

What is Environmental Justice? 

What is Environmental Racism? 

What is the relationship between race, health, and the environment?

Mohai, Paul. 2018. "Environmental Justice and the Flint Water Crisis." Michigan Sociological Review 32: 1-41.
Boles, Sydney. 2019. "First These Kentuckians Couldn't Drink the Water. Now They Can't Afford It." NPR.
Brown, Phil, Brian Mayer, Stephen Zavestoski, Theo Luebke, Joshua Mandelbaum, Sabrina McCormick, and Mercedes Lyson. 2011. "The Health Politics of Asthma: Environmental Justice and Collective Illness Experience." in Contested Illnesses: Citizens, Science, and Health Social Movements. University of California Press.
Dillon and Sze. 2016. "Police Power and Particulate Matters: Environmental Justice and the Spatialities of In/Securities in U.S. Cities."

Week 8

Mar. 8 -- Mar. 12

Land Resources and Management

Who manages natural resources?

How are these resources managed? 

Alatout, Samer. 2008. "'States' of Scarcity: Water, Space, and Identity Politics in Israel, 1948-59." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 26:959-982.
Lievanos, Raoul S. and Christine Horne. 2017. "Unequal Resilience: The Duration of Electricity Outages." Energy Policy 108:201-211.
Calkin, David E., Matthew P. Thompson, and Mark A. Finney. 2015. "Negative Consequences of Positive Feedbacks in US Wildfire Management." Forest Ecosystems 2:9.

Week 9

Mar. 15 -- Mar. 19

Agriculture and Food Systems

What does our food system look like? 

Mitchell, Dan "Calculating the Hidden Costs of Industrial Farming"
Howard, Philip. 2016. "Food System Concentration: A Political Economy Perspective." pp. 1-16 in Concentration and Power in the Food System: Who Controls What We Eat? London: Bloomsbury.
Bornstein, David, "Time to Revisit Food Deserts"

Week 10

Mar. 22 -- Mar. 26

The Challenge of Growth and Development

What is sustainability? 

What is development?

What is capitalism?

Hooks, Gregory and Chad L. Smith. 2004. "The Treadmill of Destruction: National Sacrifice Areas and Native Americans" American Sociological Review 69:558-575.
Jorgenson, Andrew K. and Brett Clark. 2012. "Are the Economy and the Environment Decoupling? A Comparative International Study, 1960-2005." American Journal of Sociology 118(1):1-44.

Week 11

Mar. 29 -- Apr. 2

Climate Change

Why is climate change so contentious?

What does the sociological evidence say are the most powerful drivers of climate change beliefs?

Givens, Jennifer E. 2014. "Drivers of Climate Change Beliefs." Nature Climate Change 4:1051-1052.
Klein, Naomi. 2014. "The Right is Right: The Revolutionary Power of Climate Change." pp. 31-63 in This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Norgaard, Kari Marie. 2017. "The Sociological Imagination in a Time of Climate Change." Global and Planetary Change http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.09.018

Week 12

Apr. 5 -- Apr. 9

Globalization

What is globalization?

Shiva, Vandana. 2016. Stolen Harvest: The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 1-57.

Week 13

Apr. 12 -- Apr. 16

Globalization and Gender

How does globalization and capitalism affect women?

Shiva, Vandana. 2016. Stolen Harvest: The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 58-127.
Week 14

Apr. 19 -- Apr. 23

Social Movements
Norgaard, Kari Marie, Ron Reed, and Carolina Van Horn. 2011. "A Continuing Legacy: Institutional Racism, Hunger, and Nutritional Justice on the Klamath."Pp. 23-46 in Cultivating Food Justice: Race, Class, and Sustainability. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. 
White, Monica M. 2011. "D-Town Farm: African American Resistance to Food Insecurity and the Transformation of Detroit." Environmental Practice 13(14):406-417.

Juarez, Rufina. 2010. "Indigenous Women in the Food Justice and Sovereignty Movement: Lessons from the South Central Farm" (April 1, 2010). NACCS Annual Conference Proceedings. Paper 1. http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/naccs/2010/Proceedings/1

Final's Week

Apr. 26 -- Apr. 30

Final Exam

 

 

COURSE NORMS:

I expect you to respect one another. We are all Hilltoppers. We take care of one another, our hill, our "community", and beyond. Everybody is trying to understand the material and how it fits with their values and experiences. Give folks time to process. Each of us may have strongly differing opinions on the various topics of class discussions. Diverse ideas and views are important to the class, and the orderly questioning of others' ideas, including mine, is encouraged and welcomed. Everyone's arguments can use polish. The only way we improve is by continuously re-examining our evidence and our argument. However, it is imperative that everyone be respectful of the each other. Couch your feedback to try to help the others understand. Focus on the evidence and argument presented, not the speaker's personal characteristics. You should expect that if your conduct during discussions seriously disrupts the atmosphere of mutual respect I expect in this class, you will not be permitted to participate further.

Please do not wait until the end of the semester to seek assistance when you are having difficulties with the course. Please use my office hours or contact me to arrange a time to meet. I am more than willing to arrange a time that works for both of us. I'm usually in my office, but I'm teaching four classes this term so I'll often be recording lectures and/or grading. The best way to reach me is in my office hours. Email is the second best way. Please put your name and the course number in the subject line of the email. 

If you prefer to be called a different name than what is indicated on the class roster, please let me know. Also, feel free to correct me on your preferred gender pronoun. If you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact me.

The United States Department of Education requires WKU's Office of Financial Aid to determine if a student who receives financial aid and fails to earn a passing grade in a course actually attended and/or completed the course. Because we will not be taking regular attendance for this course this term, the date I will report as your last date of attendance will be the latest of the following:

The date you last participated in an online discussion or activity; 

The date you last submitted an assignment/project/quiz; or 

The date you last initiated contact with me to ask a question about the course or course content.

If you earn an F, your last date of attendance will be reported to the United Stated Department of Education. If this date is at or before the 60% point of the term (in this semester, October 25), this may require you to pay back any financial aid funds received for this course.

While this does not necessarily apply to our class since we are meeting virtually, the university has requested that I include the following information on a new campus norm: Out of respect for the health and safety of the WKU community and in adherence with the CDC guidelines, the University requires that a cloth face covering (reusable or disposable) that covers both the nose and mouth must be worn at all times when in public areas within all buildings. When in physical classrooms, students must properly wear face coverings while in class regardless of the room size or the nature of the classroom activities. Students who fail to wear a face covering in physical classrooms as required will be in violation of the WKU Student Code of Conduct and will be asked to comply or will face disciplinary action, including possible dismissal from the University. Accommodations to face coverings must be determined by the Student Accessibility Resource Center and documented before a student may attend class. 

RESOURCE INFORMATION:

WKU Writing Center 

The Writing Center offers individual conferences about writing with their staff of English majors and graduate students. Their services are available to all Western Kentucky University students. While the offices of the Writing Center are in Cherry Hall 123, the Center are currently offering online consultations for students. The writing tutors have been trained to provide helpful feedback to students at all phases of a writing project: they can help you brainstorm ideas, structure your essay, clarify your purpose, strengthen your support, and edit for clarity and correctness. But they will not revise or edit the paper for you. See instructions on the website (www.wku.edu/writingcenter) or call (270) 745-5719 during their operating hours (also listed on our website) for help scheduling an appointment.    

ADA Accommodation

In compliance with University policy, students with disabilities who require academic and/or auxiliary accommodations for this course must contact the Student Accessibility Resource Center located in Downing Student Union, Room 1074.  The SARC can be reached by phone number at 270-745-5004 [270-745-3030 TTY] or via email at sarc.connect@wku.edu. Please do not request accommodations directly from the professor or instructor without a faculty notification letter (FNL) from The Student Accessibility Resource Center.

Title IX/Discrimination and Harassment

Western Kentucky University (WKU) is committed to supporting faculty, staff and students by upholding WKUs Title IX Sexual Misconduct/Assault Policy (#0.2070) and Discrimination and Harassment Policy (#0.2040). Under these policies, discrimination, harassment and/or sexual misconduct based on sex/gender are prohibited. If you experience an incident of sex/gender-based discrimination, harassment and/or sexual misconduct, you are encouraged to report it to the Title IX Coordinator, Andrea Anderson, 270-745-5398 or Title IX Investigators, Michael Crowe, 270-745-5429 or Joshua Hayes, 270-745-5121.Please note that while you may report an incident of sex/gender based discrimination, harassment and/or sexual misconduct to a faculty member, WKU faculty are Responsible Employees of the University and MUST report what you share to WKUs Title IX Coordinator or Title IX Investigator. If you would like to speak with someone who may be able to afford you confidentiality, you may contact WKUs Counseling and Testing Center at 270-745-3159.

 

Help

College students often experience challenges that may interfere with academic success such as stress, sleep problems, juggling responsibilities, life events, relationship concerns, or feelings of anxiety, hopelessness, or depression. The pandemic has only exacerbated these issues. If you, or a friend, is struggling, we strongly encourage you to seek support. Helpful, effective resources are available on campus at no additional cost.
If you are struggling academically with this class, please visit me during office hours or contact me by email at douglas.smith@wku.edu
Meet with your academic advisor if you are struggling academically in multiple classes, unsure whether you are making the most of your time at WKU, or unsure what academic resources are available at WKU.
Visit the Counseling Center website at https://www.wku.edu/heretohelp/ for information about the broad range of confidential on-campus mental health services, online health assessments, hours, and additional information.
Call the Counseling Center at (270) 745-3159 if interested in scheduling an appointment with a counselor. After-hours crisis support is also available through this phone number.

 

WKU Food Pantry

The WKU Office of Sustainability offers non-perishable food and toiletries to all WKU students, faculty, and staff. No proof of need is necessary. The only requirement to use the pantry is completion of a digital form.  All information is kept confidential and is used solely to track pantry usage statistics. The Food Pantry is located at the WKU Office of Sustainability, 503 Regents Avenue--diagonally behind Gary Ransdell Hall in a small brick house). For schedule and details, please see https://www.wku.edu/sustainability/food_pantry.php.

 

Other Important Information

WKU maintains a web page with other important information here: https://www.wku.edu/syllabusinfo/.  This page details the student complaint procedure, lists the student ombudsperson, provides info on active shooter preparedness, and many other important topics.  Please go take a look. 

SYLLABUS CHANGE POLICY:

The syllabus for any class is a road map. The readings in the course calendar are places we are scheduled to visit.  Anyone who has taken a preplanned road trip or vacation knows that the trip is not fun unless you stop at the interesting roadside attractions even though they might divert from your original route or time table.  It's the process of getting there that is fun and relaxing and intriguing.  In that light, I reserve the right to alter the standards and requirements set forth in this syllabus at any time. Notice of such changes will be by announcement on Blackboard and/or by email notice.

ADD/DROP DATES:

Last day to add a full semester class: January 26

Last day to drop a full semester class without receiving a grade: January 26.

Last day to receive 25% refund for the Spring semester: February 8.

The 60% point of the Spring semester: March 21.  

Last day to drop a class with a W: March 25

Last day to remove an incomplete from Fall or Winter terms: April 16

Roster freeze date (No late adds or withdrawals for extenuating circumstances will be processed after this date): April 29

HONOR CODE: 

Students are expected to adhere to the Student Code of Conduct. Persons violating the Student Code of Conduct (in particular but not limited to the section on academic conduct) in any assignment or exam in this class will receive a minimum penalty of a grade of zero (0) for the assignment, and may receive an "F" for the course at the instructor’s option.  In particular, no form of academic misconduct will be tolerated (see https://www.wku.edu/studentconduct/process-for-academic-dishonesty.php.) Know your Regulations!