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ANTH 130  Introduction to Archaeology
Dr. Darlene Applegate
Fall 2007
Answers to Exam 2 Practice Questions

1. Which of the following statements about archaeological research design is false?

a. Artifact location is the fifth step.
b. Artifact recovery is the sixth step.
c. Archaeological classification and dating are part of the seventh step.
d. Whereas location and recovery are accomplished in the field, classification and dating usually occur in the lab.
e. The first step of archaeological research design - asking a research question - has little influence on the processes of artifact location, artifact recovery, classification, and dating.

2. Flotation is intended to recover which type of artifact?

a. charcoal
b. flakes
c. pottery sherds
d. nails
e. projectile points

3. In the following hierarchy, what attribute was used at the first division?

a. function
b. raw material / composition
c. age
d. color
e. shape

4. Which of the following is not a goal of archaeological classification?

a. explain differences in artifacts from different sites
b. identify artifact types
c. identify relationships among artifact types
d. make archaeological collections more manageable
e. separate artifacts according to density

5. Which of the following statements about classification is false?

a. Hierarchies only use two attributes to classify artifacts.
b. Paradigms produce a tabular (table) classification scheme.
c. Hierarchies are more flexible than paradigms.
d. Hierarchies are hierarchically-arranged levels of related artifact types.
e. None of these is false.

6.    The field methods used by an archaeologist depends on all of the following factors except

a. the amount of time one has to do the work.
b. the amount of money one has to spend.
c. the nature of the archaeological record where one is working.
d. requirements of the funding agency.
e. the expertise of the archaeologist.

7. True or False:  A tradition is a collection of traits that have broad geographic distribution but limited temporal range, while a phase is a collection of traits that have limited geographic distribution but wide temporal range.    switched
 

8. True or False:  Sites are typically classified according to cultural affiliation, temporal affiliation, geographic location, and function.
 

9. True or False:  Composition, function, age, species, and modification are attributes commonly used in classifying artifacts.
 

10. True or False:  Three dimensions of variation of concern to archaeologists are time, space and form.
 

11.    True or False: Flotation is a method used by archaeologists to recover small organic artifacts from archaeological sediments.
 

12.    True or False:  Shadow marks, soil marks, and crop marks on aerial photographs can be used to both locate and recover archaeological information.
 

13. Excavation is an example of a/an  invasive  recovery technique.
 

14. Materials that float to the surface of a flotation sample are called the  light  fraction, while materials that do not float to the surface of a flotation sample are called the   heavy  fraction.
 

15.  The figure below shows an example of a/an  paradigmatic classification.
 
 

16. In the figure above, the two attributes used to classify sites are size  and  permanence  .